英語句子結構剖析(45)

1、The novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak has made people realize once again that this is an era in which traditional security and nontraditional security issues are interconnected, and local issues easily become global ones and vice versa.

解析:

1.此句由賓語從句、介詞加which引導的定語從句和並列句組成;

2.that引導的從句做realize的賓語;

3.定語從句由in+which引導,相當於when,指代先行詞era(in和era搭配);

4.and local issues…與前面的句子為並列句;

5.novel:adj.新穎的;n.小說;

coronavirus:n.冠狀病毒 ;

pneumonia:n.肺炎;

outbreak:n.爆發(疾病或戰爭);

make sb. do sth.:讓某人做某事;

era:n.時代,紀元;

security:n.安全;

interconnected:adj.互通的,相互聯繫的;

local issues:地方性問題;

vice versa:反之亦然。

翻譯:

新冠狀病毒性肺炎爆發使人們再次意識到:在這個時代,傳統安全和非傳統安全問題相互聯繫,地方性問題很容易成為全球性問題,反之亦然。


英語句子結構剖析(45)

2、Millennials will keep looking until they get what they need, which includes: opportunities to learn and grow, a sense of purpose, and high-quality management.

解析:

1.此句是由狀語從句,賓語從句和非限制性定語從句組成的複合句;

2.賓語從句由what引導且在從句中做賓語,可譯為“…的東西,…的事情等”;

3.定語從句由which引導,指代(what they need);

4.millennials:n.千禧一代;

keep doing:保持做……;

purpose:n.目的;

短語:on purpose:故意地

manage:v.管理,設法;

manage to do:設法做成…

management:n.管理

翻譯:

千禧一代會一直尋找,直到找到他們所需要的。比如:學習和成長的機會,目標感和高質量的公司管理。

3、South Korean social satire "Parasite" won the Oscar for best picture on Sunday, making history as the first film not in the English language to win the movie industry's highest honor.

解析:

1.此句中含有非謂語動詞知識點,現在分詞(making…)做狀語,與主語parasite是主動關係且同時發生;

2.satire:n.諷刺;

parasite:n.寄生蟲;食客;

best picture:最佳影片;

make history:創造歷史.

翻譯:

韓國社會諷刺影片《寄生蟲》榮獲奧斯卡最佳影片,成為獲得這一電影屆最高榮譽的首部非英語影片,創造了歷史。

4、Even if a vaccine is developed and approved, the rapid rise in cases of the Wuhan virus in China and its spead to other countries has created a new urgency: planning ahead for ways to make massive quantities of a vaccine quickly.

解析:

1.此句由讓步狀語從句構成;(even if...=even though=although=though)

2.主句主語為the rapid rise in cases,因此其謂語動詞用has created,而非have created;

3.vaccine:n.疫苗; approve: v.支持;

rapid:adj.快速的; virus:n.病毒;

spead:n.傳播,伸展;v.傳播,散佈,伸展;

urgency:n.緊急;urgent:adj.緊急的;

ahead:adv.向前,領先; 短語:ahead of time:提前;

massive quantities:大量的;

翻譯:即便疫苗研製成功並獲批使用,中國的新冠病毒病例急速增加並已傳播到其他國家,又造成了新的緊急任務:須提前規劃快速生產大量疫苗的方法。

5、The other groups trying to come up with a vaccine for the Wuhan virus are using similar methods involving templates that have already been proven to work.

解析:

1.此句中含有非謂語動詞和定語從句知識點;

2.非謂語動詞短語trying to...做groups的定語,非謂語動詞短語involving templates做methods的定語;

3.that引導定語從句,指代先行詞templates且在句中做主語;

4.come up with:提出,想出,趕上;

vaccine:n.疫苗; virus:n.病毒;

similar:adj.相似的;短語:be similar to 與......相似;

involve:v.包含,牽涉,使陷於;

短語:be involved in 被捲入......中;涉及到......

template:n.模板

翻譯:

其他力圖研發出新冠病毒疫苗的團隊也在運用類似的方法,使用過往行之有效的模板。

6、Should hasty decisions lead to products that are not completely safe, people's faith in vaccines could be damaged.

解析:

1.此句是由省略if的虛擬語氣(should…)加限制性定語從句(that…)組成;

2.其中虛擬語氣是與將來事實相反的條件句,省略if,should提前;

3.that引導的定語從句中,that做主語,指代先行詞products;

4.hasty:adj.倉促的,匆忙的,草率的

vaccine:n.疫苗

翻譯:

如果倉促的決定導致並非完全安全的產品投用,人們對疫苗的信心可能會受損。


英語句子結構剖析(45)

7、China's extraordinary efforts to contain the virus, including quarantining over 50m

people, may stave off epidemics in other countries until next winter.

解析:

1.首句China's…virus為名詞短語做主語,including…people為插入語;

2.extraordinary efforts:非同凡響的努力

make efforts to do:努力做……

3.contain:v.包含,控制,抑制

virus:n.病毒

quarantine:v.檢疫,隔離

stave off:延緩,避開,延遲

翻譯:

中國為遏制病毒傳播做出了非同凡響的努力(包括隔離超過5000萬人),這也許能阻延疫情在其他國家爆發直至下個冬季。

8、What we know for sure is more and more data will be stored and processed in the cloud.

解析:

1.此句含有主語從句(what…),what在從句中做know的賓語,可譯為“我們可確定的事情是……”

2.more and more:越來越多

store:v.儲存,儲蓄

process:v.處理

翻譯:

我們可以確定的是:越來越多的數據將存儲到雲上,並在雲上進行處理。

9、The comparison is not totally fair, as the Alibaba chip was made physically larger than the Intel chip, letting it draw more power and perform more calculations per second.

解析:

1.此句包含原因狀語從句(as…),譯為“因為……”;

*as的用法和考點很多,可以引導讓步狀語從句,譯為“儘管……”,且句子需要倒裝;

*as可以引導條件狀語從句,譯為“當……”;

*as可以引導定語從句,譯為“正如……”;

2.此句中另一個知識點是非謂語動詞(letting…),let和主語Alibaba chip是主動關係,因此用let的現在分詞形式;

3.chip:n. 芯片,碎片,薯條

physically:adv. 物理上地,身體上地

perform:v.表演,執行

calculation:n. 計算

second:n. 秒

翻譯:

這種比較並不完全公平,因為阿里巴巴芯片的物理尺寸要比英特爾的芯片大,這讓它的功耗更高,每秒執行更多的計算。


英語句子結構剖析(45)

10、Other recent epidemics have reinforced the impression that economists should not be overly worried,so long as good doctors are on the job.

解析:

1.此句含有同位語從句(that economists…):從句是對impression的補充說明,that 不充當任何成分且不能省略;

PS:同位語從句在第8句有解釋.

2.有條件狀語從句(so long as…):譯為“只要……”

3.reinforce:加強,增強

impression:印象,看法(通常與介詞on連用)

on the job:在崗位上

翻譯:

近年幾次其他流行病的爆發強化了一種認知:只要有好醫生在崗位上,經濟學家就不應過於擔心。


英語句子結構剖析(45)

11、The virus is a powerful reminder that, politics aside , a diversified base of suppliers is a good insurance policy.

解析:

1.此句含有插入語(politics aside),可譯為“不考慮政治因素”;

2.同位語從句(that a diversified …)是對reminder 的補充說明,that在從句中不充當任何成分且不能省略,應與定語從句that區分開;

3.reminder: 提醒;diversified:多樣的;

insurance:保險,保障

翻譯:

此次疫情是一次警鐘:就算不考慮政治因素,讓供應多元化也是一種明智的保障措施。


英語句子結構剖析(45)

12、The World Bank has estimated that as much as 90% of the economic damage from epidemics stems from people's fear of associating with others, which leads offices and stores to close.

解析:

1.此句含有賓語從句和非限制性定語從句(which … ),這裡的which 指代的是逗號前的先行句。

ps:非限制性定語從句常考點:

【1】that不能用來引導非限制性定語從句。

【2】除 which外,還可用when,where, whose,who,whom等引導非限制性定語從句,用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語從句時相同。

【3】非限制性定語從句的關係代詞 which,既可以指代前面的某個名詞,也可以指代前面整個句子的內容。(此句即指代前面整個句子)

2.stem from: 源自……,來源於……

associate with: 和……來往,與……聯繫

lead to: 導致……

3. estimate:估計,評估

epidemics: 流行病

翻譯:

世界銀行曾估計,流行病造成的經濟損失有90%源自於對人際交往的恐懼,這導致辦公樓和商店關閉。

13、The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.

解析:

1.此句含有一個部分倒裝句(never once have they …),當一個簡單句以否定詞開頭時,需用半倒裝句。(not only,nor/neither,never,hardly…when…,no sooner…than…)

可變成: they have never quarreled with each other once .

2.quarrel with…: 和……吵架

翻譯:

這對老夫婦已經結婚40年了,而且從沒吵過架。


英語句子結構剖析(45)

14、The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.

解析:

1.定語從句that is …mankind修飾先行詞country;

2.be home to :"……的所在地/某地擁有……"

3.live up to one's home :“名副其實”

翻譯:

如果世貿組織沒有一個佔世界五分之一人口國家加入的話,那麼它就不能名副其實。

15、Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

解析:

1.此句含有非謂語動詞(having suffered…),此動作發生在前,故用having suffered(現在分詞的完成時);

2.too…to… : “太……而不能……"

翻譯:

這條河已經遭受了很嚴重的汙染,現在想清理已為時太晚。

16、Learning from mistakes, we all make mistakes which are inevitable.

解析:

1.此句含有非謂語動詞(learning),與主語we的關係為主動,故用learning;

2.定語從句which are inevitable修飾名詞(先行詞)mistakes,故be動詞用are;

3.make mistake 為固定搭配,“犯錯誤”。

翻譯:

我們每個人都會犯錯,要從錯誤中吸取教訓。

17、That you won't be for long means it won't be long before you'll have to recycle your rubbish.

解析:

1.此句中含有主語從句(That you...for long),賓語從句(it won't be long... );

2.means 後省略了that(that引導賓語從句時可省略且不用翻譯);

3.主語從句中的that不能省略(一個簡單句中不能出現兩個謂語動詞)。

翻譯:

你不會等很長時間意味著過不了多久你就會回收你的垃圾。

18、It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers' shelves.

解析:

1.找到引導詞,分析所屬從句。

1)that 前有具體名詞(先行詞)language books且在此處從句中充當主語,可推出是定語從句。

2)that 指代language books,翻譯時注意翻譯順序:先從句再先行詞。

2.句子主幹:It is... language books.

3.fly off:飛出(此處為擬人手法),指暢銷。

翻譯:

它是現在很多暢銷外語書中的一種。

19、Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

詞彙:

reclassify 重新分類;flaw 瑕疵,缺點;disorder 混亂,騷亂;akin to 同類,近似

句型結構:

a. 主幹:Society(主語) is reclassifying(謂語)...(賓語) as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities(賓補).

reclassify sth as sth 把...重新歸類為...

翻譯:社會正在把某事重新歸類為類似於身體殘障的性格失衡。

b. 修飾成分:

Pushed by science, or what claims to be science.

Ved短語做狀語;what引導的是賓語從句。

翻譯:由於科學或是所謂科學的推動下。

c. Society is reclassifying what (主語)once were considered (謂語)character flaws or moral failing(賓語) as...

What 引導的為賓語從句。

翻譯:把曾經被認為的性格缺陷或者道德缺失重新歸類為...

組合整句:由於科學或是所謂的科學的推動下,社會正在把曾經被認為的性格缺陷或者道德缺失重新歸類為類似於身體殘障的性格失衡。

20、New ways of organizing the workplace- all that re-engineering and downsizing- are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.

詞彙:workplace 工作場所; re-engineer 重組;downsize 縮小規模;joint investment 聯合投資;machinery 機械裝置

句型結構:

a. 主幹:New ways(主語) of organizing the workplace(of介詞短語作後置定語)- all that re-engineering and downsizing (同位語)- are (謂語)only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy(賓語)。

翻譯:佈置廠房的新方法- 所有的重組,縮小規模- 會影響一個經濟體的整個生產力。

b. 修飾成分:

The overall productivity of an economy(定語從句先行詞),which(定語從句主語) is driven by (謂語)many other factors (賓語)such as joint investment(同位語) in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training(介詞短語做後置定語).

總結:Which引導的是定語從句,先行詞是經濟的整體生產力。

翻譯:經濟的整體生產力還受到許多其他因素的影響,比如在設備,機械,新技術,以及在教育和培訓上的聯合投資。

c. 組合整句:

佈置廠房的新方法——所有的重組,縮小規模-——會導致一個經濟體的整個生產力,而這種生產力還受到許多其他因素的影響,比如在設備,機械,新技術,以及在教育和培訓上的聯合投資。


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