干货丨情态动词

课程安排

• 作业讲评

• 中考词汇听写

• 知识点回顾

• 课堂练习

我们本节要学习的情态动词是英语中唯一一种“为情所困”的词类，你看它终日处在“情态”中，反复无常，一会儿凶狠地说must，一会儿又温柔地说might，忽冷忽热，所以我们都得提防着点，不要它今天冷淡，我们误会成热情，不要它热情了，我们又误会成冷淡。对待情态动词，就要去体会这种“情态”的感觉。

A can can can what can be caned

第一个can是______________________ 第二个can是 _____________________

第三个can是______________________ 第四个can是______________________

第五个can是______________________

答案：第一个can是名词，金属容器，罐 第二个can是情态动词 能够

第三个can是动词 装罐 第四个can是情态动词 能够

第五个can是动词 装罐 这整个句子的意思是一个罐子能装所有能装罐的东西。这是个英文绕口令。

初中英语情态动词用法详解

一、情态动词的语法特征

1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。

二、基本分类

情态动词有四类：

1、只做情态动词：must, can(could), may(might)……

2、可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare

3、具有情态动词特征：have(had, has )to, used to, ought to

4、情态动词表猜测：一肯一否三不定

（must一肯，must not一否，can，could，would三不定。）

注：must't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观，have to表示客观

三、用法详解

中考常见情态动词中英对照表

must必须、一定

can能够、可能

shall应该、将要

need需要、必要

could能够、可能

should应该

have to 不得不

may许可、可以

will决心、将要

ought to应该

might许可、可以

would愿意

考点1：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答

1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：

Yes,you may. Yes, of course.　 Yes, certainly.　Sure .　 No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.

2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为： Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to./don’t need to.

3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。

如:Could you do me a favour?你能帮我个忙吗？

—Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）

4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。

其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.　All right.　No, thank you.

5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)　Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)　

All right/ OK/ With pleasure.　Certainly. (No, thank you .)　Yes, please.

—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?

—________.

A.That’s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn’t matter D.No trouble

【解析】A.意为“对了”，B.意为“乐意效劳”, C.意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案：B

考点2:不同情态动词的否定意义差异（比较）

1.can’t

①can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。

②当句子表推测时，否定句和疑问句中用can/could ,肯定句中用must

如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。

I saw her just now. She must be in the office. 我刚才看到她了。她一定在办公室

③can’t还可用来回答“ May I …? ”这样的问句。

如：May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？No, you mustn’t. / can’t.不，你不能。

④can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁

can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…

如：She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。

2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，

如：He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。

3. mustn’t

①mustn’t表示不许，不可。如：He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。

You mustn’t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。

　② mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。

如：—May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗？—No, you mustn’t (can’t).不，不行。

4. needn’t

①needn’t意为“不必”。如：You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to. 你不需要见他，除非你愿意。

②needn’t + have+动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。

如：You needn’t have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）。

need和dare （need 为考试的重难点）

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1） 实义动词：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth

2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。

例如：Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？

Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。

5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。

如：You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。

You ____ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

答案：B。表示对现在的肯定推测，常用must be来表示，表示对现在情况的否定推测，常

用can’t be来表示。本句的意思是：你不可能饿了——你两小时前才吃午饭呢！其它

项皆不合语境。

考点3:情态动词表示推测的用法差异（比较）

语气

对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。

肯定的推测一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。

否定推测分为两种情况：语气不很肯定时，常用may／might／could not，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用can't，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。

【考例】1.You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest.

A. can B. may C. must D. need

2.一Look at the boy running on the ground．Is it Davis?

—It ____be him．I saw him go to the teacher's office just now．

A.must B. can't C. could D.might

答案：C B

情态动词易混淆点总结

易混点1. can和be able to:

1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用be able to的情况：

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。

注意：could有时不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：

--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。

2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：

He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。　

　

易混点2: may be和maybe

词

用法区别

常用位置

may be

may为情态动词，be为动词原形

句中，作谓语

maybe

副词，大概、也许 相当于perhaps

句首，作状语

例如：He may be wrong , but I'm not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。

情态动词记忆口诀

情态动词两要点;动词原形跟后面,说话语气较委婉,can表"能力"may"许可",must"责任"或"义务",否定回答"needn't"换;should"应该",would"愿

易混点3：must和have to

1）两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。

He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。

3）否定结构中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：

You don't have to tell him about it.　你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把这件事告诉他。

【考例】--Must we finish giving out the posters today?

--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer.

A. can B. may C. must D. have to

【考例】--I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games

recently.

--I agree. You _____ play like that any more.

A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. wouldn't

【考例】When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait.

A. may B. can C. must D. might.

【考例】一I really like playing computer games!

一I'm afraid you ________stop，for your study and your health.

A. am B. will C．may D．must

答案：C B C D

易混点4: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sth

1）used to do表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用to do，不用doing形式；

2）而be used to doing意为“习惯做…”，be可有各种时态；

be used to do意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式。

3）be used for doing sth“用作……”

如：She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。

He wasn't used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。

A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用来割东西)

A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西)

【考例】He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to at night.

A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading

答案： C

had better表示"最好"，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。

She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。

would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…　 宁愿…而不愿。

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿，而不愿回家。

prefer 的用法又是什么呢？动动脑吧…..

易混点5

can和could

两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。

【考例】--Could I borrow your dictionary?

--Of course you ____________.

A. can B. must C. should D. will

【考例】--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?

--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris.

A. may not B. needn't C. can't D. mustn’t

【考例】一Mary，__________you speak Chinese?

一Yes，only a little．

A must B need C may D．can

答案： A C D

易混点6

shall和should

shall用于第一人称疑问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。

should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；

可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。

【考例】Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports.

A. would B. might C. should D. could

答案： C

易混点7

had better和would rather

“had better+动词原形”意为“最好做……”，否定句式为had better not。“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。

【考例】

---Bob，may I __your MP4?

一Sure．But you'd better not _________it to others．

A. lend；lend B. lend；borrow C. borrow；borrow D. borrow；lend

【考例】

--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?

--I would rather _______ at home than football. It's too hot outside.

A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing

答案： D B

Exercises

2011-2012学年英语试卷一模考点整理--情态动词

1.You _______ to tell him the news. It will make him sad.( 2012宝山)

A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. don’t need

2. –Must I do all the housework, Mum? (2012虹口)

--No, you _____. Just clean your bedroom.

A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t

3. Jack, you ______ ask a woman her age in England. It’s impolite. (2012金山)

A. needn’t B. don’t have to C. ought to D. shouldn’t

4. We ______ hurry all the way to the airport, the flight was cancelled because of the foggy weather. (2012闵行)

　A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

5. To our surprise, we enjoy a half month holiday hi January in 2012. (2012浦东)

A. should B. can C. must D. need

6. Can you speak louder, please? I hear you clearly. (2012松江)

A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't

7.All the parcels will be delivered to your home in two days. You___worry too much about it. (2012徐汇)

A.mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't

8. It doesn’t look like rain, so you _______bring your umbrella with you. (2012长宁)

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not

9. Children be very careful when they go across the busy street. (2012崇明)

A. shouldn't B. needn't C. must D. may

10. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______find it(2012奉贤)

A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. couldn't

11.Believe it or not, it's said that people born in the year of the rat _______ become excellent

writers. (2012黄浦)

A. should B. can C. must D. need

12. — Must I finish my homework before I go to play basketball ? (2012嘉定)

—Yes, you

.

A. needn't B. can't C.must D.may

13. You tell him the good news because he has already known it. (2012静安)

A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t

14. —Shall I tell Mike about it? (2011卢湾)

—No, you . He's already known it.

A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may

15. — Can I take these magazines home? (2012普陀)

— Yes, you ________ , but please return them in two days.

A. must B. may C. should D. need

16. —Must I wash these plates? (2012青浦)

—No, you . The machine can do it.

A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't

17. Christy has had three jobs since college, and she still decide what she wants to do.

(2011杨浦)

A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

18. My parents often tell me we ____ care for small creatures. (2012闸北)

A. can B. should C. mustn’t D. needn’t

答案：

1—5 DCDCB 6—10 DBCCCD 11—15 BCAAB 16—18 DBB

2013一模二模真题

1. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing.（2013杨浦一模）

A) can B) may C) should D) must

2. Millie ______ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.（2013长宁一模）

A) may B) must C) need D) has to

3. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly.（2013奉贤一模）

A) can B) must C) need D) should

4. Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _______ focus on their study. （2013虹口一模）

A) may not B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t

5. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more. (2013黄浦一模)

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t

6. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.（2013金山一模）

A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t

7. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ______ be very bored with her job.（2013闵行一模）

A) can B) need C) should D) must

8. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m.

—You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!（2013普陀一模）

A) have to B) may C) must D) can

9. You ________ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework.（2013松江一模）

A) must B) need C) should D) may

10. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’ school life is. （2013徐汇一模）

A) should B) can C) must D) need

11. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines.（2013闸北一模）

A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t

12.Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing. （2012 长宁二模）

A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need

13. You have already tried your best, so you ________ worry too much about the exams. （2012 奉贤二模）

A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

14. Only you ________ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. （2012 虹口二模）

A. must B. should C. may D. can

15. You ______ worry about your son. He can take care of himself. （2012 黄浦二模）

A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t

16 ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination?

--- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now. （2012 金山二模）

A can’t Bmustn’t C shouldn’t D needn’t

17. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. （2012 静安二模）

A must B need C can D may

18. Nowadays even a small personal computer _________ store huge amounts of information. （2012 闵行二模）

A. must B. need C. should D. can

19. Every citizen ________ try his best to protect our environment. It’s our duty. （2012 浦东二模）

A. need B. must C. can D. may

20. ---Must we finish the poster in class?

---No, you . You can finish it after class. （2012 普陀二模）

A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t

21. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _______ speak Chinese. （2012 青浦二模）

A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't

22. Tom, you mustn't play with fire. You hurt yourself if you don't stop. （2012 松江二模）

A. may B. can C. should D. need to

23. You ______ wash your car at the moment. It’s going to rain. （2012 徐汇二模）

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t

24. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly. （2012 杨浦二模）

A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't

Keys: DAAAB DDADB DDBDD AADBB BAAD

Homework;1)情态动词真题练习

2）综合卷

3）错题整理

2007 -2001年上海中考试题

1. Students________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. (2007

)

A. can B. must C. need D. may

2. My mother________ make rice dumplings. She'll teach me how to do it. (2006 )

A. must B. need C. should D. can

3. —________I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? (2005 )

— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.

A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must

4. We________ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. (2004 )

A. may B. should C. can D. need

5. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It________ be very expensive.

( 2003 )

A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't

6. Cars, buses and bikes ________stop when the traffic lights change to red. (2002 )

A. can B. may C. must D. need

7. Computers ________ process difficult problems very, very quickly. (2001)

A. must B. need C. should D. can

8. –Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy?

--No, you______. You may keep it until next Wednesday.

A needn’t B can’t C must D may

9、To everyone’s surprise, Alex ________play chess very well when he was only four. （09）

A. might B. should C. would D. could

10、Everyone __________go through the security check (安检) when entering the World Expo Park.

A .can B. may C.must D. ought

答案; 1-5 BDDBA 6-10 CDADC