課程安排
• 作業講評
• 中考詞彙聽寫
• 知識點回顧
• 課堂練習
我們本節要學習的情態動詞是英語中唯一一種“為情所困”的詞類，你看它終日處在“情態”中，反覆無常，一會兒兇狠地說must，一會兒又溫柔地說might，忽冷忽熱，所以我們都得提防著點，不要它今天冷淡，我們誤會成熱情，不要它熱情了，我們又誤會成冷淡。對待情態動詞，就要去體會這種“情態”的感覺。
A can can can what can be caned
第一個can是______________________ 第二個can是 _____________________
第三個can是______________________ 第四個can是______________________
第五個can是______________________
答案：第一個can是名詞，金屬容器，罐 第二個can是情態動詞 能夠
第三個can是動詞 裝罐 第四個can是情態動詞 能夠
第五個can是動詞 裝罐 這整個句子的意思是一個罐子能裝所有能裝罐的東西。這是個英文繞口令。
初中英語情態動詞用法詳解
一、情態動詞的語法特徵
1） 情態動詞不能表示正在發生或已經發生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發生。
2） 情態動詞除ought 和have 外，後面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3） 情態動詞沒有人稱，數的變化，即情態動詞第三人稱單數不加-s。
4） 情態動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。
常見的情態動詞有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也當作情態動詞使用。情態動詞後面必須加動詞的原形。
二、基本分類
情態動詞有四類：
1、只做情態動詞：must, can(could), may(might)……
2、可做情態動詞又可做實義動詞：need, dare
3、具有情態動詞特徵：have(had, has )to, used to, ought to
4、情態動詞表猜測：一肯一否三不定
（must一肯，must not一否，can，could，would三不定。）
注：must't代表強烈禁止 must表示主觀，have to表示客觀
三、用法詳解
中考常見情態動詞中英對照表
must必須、一定
can能夠、可能
shall應該、將要
need需要、必要
could能夠、可能
should應該
have to 不得不
may許可、可以
will決心、將要
ought to應該
might許可、可以
would願意
考點1：含有情態動詞的疑問句的回答
1.對may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：
Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure . No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.
2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為： Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to./don’t need to.
3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。
如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個忙嗎？
—Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎？—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）
4. shall引出的疑問句用於第一人稱，表示徵求對方意見或客氣的請求。
其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.
5.would you…的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.) Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)
All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please.
—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?
—________.
A.That’s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn’t matter D.No trouble
【解析】A.意為“對了”，B.意為“樂意效勞”, C.意為“沒關係” D.意為“不費事”。答案：B
考點2:不同情態動詞的否定意義差異（比較）
1.can’t
①can’t可譯為“不會”，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不會打籃球。
②當句子表推測時，否定句和疑問句中用can/could ,肯定句中用must
如：He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。
I saw her just now. She must be in the office. 我剛才看到她了。她一定在辦公室
③can’t還可用來回答“ May I …? ”這樣的問句。
如：May I come in ? 我可以進來嗎？No, you mustn’t. / can’t.不，你不能。
④can’t還可用於固定習語中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁
can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…
如：She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起來。
2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，
如：He may not be at home. 他也許不在家。
3. mustn’t
①mustn’t表示不許，不可。如：He mustn’t leave his room. 他不許離開他的房間。
You mustn’t talk in class. 你們不可以在課上說話。
② mustn’t也可用於以may表示要求時的否定回答中。
如：—May I stand here? 我可以站在這裡嗎？—No, you mustn’t (can’t).不，不行。
4. needn’t
①needn’t意為“不必”。如：You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to. 你不需要見他，除非你願意。
②needn’t + have+動詞的過去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動作，暗含時間或精力上的浪費。
如：You needn’t have bought it.你沒必要買它（但你卻買了）。
need和dare （need 為考試的重難點）
這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態動詞用。作為情態動詞，兩者都只能用於疑問句，否定句和條件句。need 作實義動詞時後面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時, 後面的to 時常可以被省略。
1） 實義動詞：need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
2） 情態動詞：need，只用原形need後加do，否定形式為need not。
例如：Need you go yet? 你要走了嗎？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急著走。
5. shouldn’t 表示不應該。
如：You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 對於這種小事，你不應該感到這麼不高興。
You ____ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案：B。表示對現在的肯定推測，常用must be來表示，表示對現在情況的否定推測，常
用can’t be來表示。本句的意思是：你不可能餓了——你兩小時前才吃午飯呢！其它
項皆不合語境。
考點3:情態動詞表示推測的用法差異（比較）
語氣
對現在或將來的推測用“情態動詞+動詞原形”。
肯定的推測一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的語氣最強。意為“肯定”、“準是”、“想必是”；should的語氣次之，意為“很可能”、“應該”，指按常理推測；may(migt)，can(could)的語氣最弱，意為“有時會”、“也許”、“可能”。
否定推測分為兩種情況：語氣不很肯定時，常用may／might／could not，意為“可能不”、“也許不”；否定語氣較強時，則用can't，意為“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。
【考例】1.You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
2.一Look at the boy running on the ground．Is it Davis?
—It ____be him．I saw him go to the teacher's office just now．
A.must B. can't C. could D.might
答案：C B
情態動詞易混淆點總結
易混點1. can和be able to:
1）can/could 表示能力；可能 （過去時用could）, 只用於現在式和過去式（could）。be able to可以用於各種時態。例如：
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2）只用be able to的情況：
a. 位於助動詞後。
b. 情態動詞後。
c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。
d. 用於句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在戰爭爆發之前逃離歐洲。
注意：could有時不表示時態
1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：
--- Could I have the television on? 我能看電視嗎？
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。
2）在否定句、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。例如：
He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。
易混點2: may be和maybe
詞
用法區別
常用位置
may be
may為情態動詞，be為動詞原形
句中，作謂語
maybe
副詞，大概、也許 相當於perhaps
句首，作狀語
例如：He may be wrong , but I'm not sure.也許他錯了，但我也不確定。
情態動詞記憶口訣
情態動詞兩要點;動詞原形跟後面,說話語氣較委婉,can表"能力"may"許可",must"責任"或"義務",否定回答"needn't"換;should"應該",would"願
易混點3：must和have to
1）兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要，must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。例如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜裡把醫生請來。（客觀上需要做這件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）
2）have to有人稱、數、時態的變化，而must只有一種形式。
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顧他姐姐。
3）否定結構中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你不得把這件事告訴他。
【考例】--Must we finish giving out the posters today?
--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer.
A. can B. may C. must D. have to
【考例】--I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games
recently.
--I agree. You _____ play like that any more.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. wouldn't
【考例】When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait.
A. may B. can C. must D. might.
【考例】一I really like playing computer games!
一I'm afraid you ________stop，for your study and your health.
A. am B. will C．may D．must
答案：C B C D
易混點4: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sth
1）used to do表示過去常常發生的動作，強調過去，只用於過去，注意用to do，不用doing形式；
2）而be used to doing意為“習慣做…”，be可有各種時態；
be used to do意為“……被使用去做……,”為被動語態形式。
3）be used for doing sth“用作……”
如：She is used to eating meat.她習慣吃肉。
He wasn't used to eating in a restaurant.他不習慣在飯店吃飯。
A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來割東西)
A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來割東西)
【考例】He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to at night.
A. read, read B. reading, read C. read, reading D. reading, reading
答案： C
had better表示"最好"，相當於一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它後面要跟動詞原形。
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相當冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那條狗。
would rather表示"寧願"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 寧願…而不願。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我寧願呆在這兒，而不願回家。
prefer 的用法又是什麼呢？動動腦吧…..
易混點5
can和could
兩者都可用來表能力，意為“能夠，會”；可用來表示許可(常用在口語中)或表示懷疑、驚異、不相信等態度(常用於否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)。
【考例】--Could I borrow your dictionary?
--Of course you ____________.
A. can B. must C. should D. will
【考例】--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?
--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris.
A. may not B. needn't C. can't D. mustn’t
【考例】一Mary，__________you speak Chinese?
一Yes，only a little．
A must B need C may D．can
答案： A C D
易混點6
shall和should
shall用於第一人稱疑問句表示徵求對方意：見；用於第二、三人稱肯定句或否定句表示說話人給予對方的“禁止、命令、警告、允諾或威脅等”。
should用來表示建議、責任、義務時，可譯為“應該，應當”，此時可用ought to替換；
可用來表示驚訝、憂慮、讚歎等不滿情緒(用在疑問句中)；還可用來委婉地陳述自己的意見。
【考例】Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports.
A. would B. might C. should D. could
答案： C
易混點7
had better和would rather
“had better+動詞原形”意為“最好做……”，否定句式為had better not。“would rather+動詞原形”意為“寧可，寧願”，否定句式為would rather not。
【考例】
---Bob，may I __your MP4?
一Sure．But you'd better not _________it to others．
A. lend；lend B. lend；borrow C. borrow；borrow D. borrow；lend
【考例】
--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?
--I would rather _______ at home than football. It's too hot outside.
A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing
答案： D B
Exercises
2011-2012學年英語試卷一模考點整理--情態動詞
1.You _______ to tell him the news. It will make him sad.( 2012寶山)
A. needn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. don’t need
2. –Must I do all the housework, Mum? (2012虹口)
--No, you _____. Just clean your bedroom.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
3. Jack, you ______ ask a woman her age in England. It’s impolite. (2012金山)
A. needn’t B. don’t have to C. ought to D. shouldn’t
4. We ______ hurry all the way to the airport, the flight was cancelled because of the foggy weather. (2012閔行)
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
5. To our surprise, we enjoy a half month holiday hi January in 2012. (2012浦東)
A. should B. can C. must D. need
6. Can you speak louder, please? I hear you clearly. (2012松江)
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't
7.All the parcels will be delivered to your home in two days. You___worry too much about it. (2012徐匯)
A.mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. shouldn't
8. It doesn’t look like rain, so you _______bring your umbrella with you. (2012長寧)
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. Children be very careful when they go across the busy street. (2012崇明)
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. must D. may
10. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______find it(2012奉賢)
A. mustn't B. needn't C. may not D. couldn't
11.Believe it or not, it's said that people born in the year of the rat _______ become excellent
writers. (2012黃浦)
A. should B. can C. must D. need
12. — Must I finish my homework before I go to play basketball ? (2012嘉定)
—Yes, you .
A. needn't B. can't C.must D.may
13. You tell him the good news because he has already known it. (2012靜安)
A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. can’t
14. —Shall I tell Mike about it? (2011盧灣)
—No, you . He's already known it.
A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may
15. — Can I take these magazines home? (2012普陀)
— Yes, you ________ , but please return them in two days.
A. must B. may C. should D. need
16. —Must I wash these plates? (2012青浦)
—No, you . The machine can do it.
A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't
17. Christy has had three jobs since college, and she still decide what she wants to do.
(2011楊浦)
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
18. My parents often tell me we ____ care for small creatures. (2012閘北)
A. can B. should C. mustn’t D. needn’t
答案：
1—5 DCDCB 6—10 DBCCCD 11—15 BCAAB 16—18 DBB
2013一模二模真題
1. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing.（2013楊浦一模）
A) can B) may C) should D) must
2. Millie ______ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.（2013長寧一模）
A) may B) must C) need D) has to
3. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly.（2013奉賢一模）
A) can B) must C) need D) should
4. Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _______ focus on their study. （2013虹口一模）
A) may not B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t
5. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more. (2013黃浦一模)
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
6. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.（2013金山一模）
A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t
7. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ______ be very bored with her job.（2013閔行一模）
A) can B) need C) should D) must
8. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m.
—You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!（2013普陀一模）
A) have to B) may C) must D) can
9. You ________ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework.（2013松江一模）
A) must B) need C) should D) may
10. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’ school life is. （2013徐匯一模）
A) should B) can C) must D) need
11. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines.（2013閘北一模）
A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t
12.Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing. （2012 長寧二模）
A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need
13. You have already tried your best, so you ________ worry too much about the exams. （2012 奉賢二模）
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
14. Only you ________ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. （2012 虹口二模）
A. must B. should C. may D. can
15. You ______ worry about your son. He can take care of himself. （2012 黃浦二模）
A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t
16 ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination?
--- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now. （2012 金山二模）
A can’t Bmustn’t C shouldn’t D needn’t
17. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. （2012 靜安二模）
A must B need C can D may
18. Nowadays even a small personal computer _________ store huge amounts of information. （2012 閔行二模）
A. must B. need C. should D. can
19. Every citizen ________ try his best to protect our environment. It’s our duty. （2012 浦東二模）
A. need B. must C. can D. may
20. ---Must we finish the poster in class?
---No, you . You can finish it after class. （2012 普陀二模）
A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
21. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _______ speak Chinese. （2012 青浦二模）
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
22. Tom, you mustn't play with fire. You hurt yourself if you don't stop. （2012 松江二模）
A. may B. can C. should D. need to
23. You ______ wash your car at the moment. It’s going to rain. （2012 徐匯二模）
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t
24. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly. （2012 楊浦二模）
A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't
Keys: DAAAB DDADB DDBDD AADBB BAAD
Homework;1)情態動詞真題練習
2）綜合卷
3）錯題整理
2007 -2001年上海中考試題
1. Students________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. (2007
)A. can B. must C. need D. may
2. My mother________ make rice dumplings. She'll teach me how to do it. (2006 )
A. must B. need C. should D. can
3. —________I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? (2005 )
— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.
A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must
4. We________ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. (2004 )
A. may B. should C. can D. need
5. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It________ be very expensive.
( 2003 )
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't
6. Cars, buses and bikes ________stop when the traffic lights change to red. (2002 )
A. can B. may C. must D. need
7. Computers ________ process difficult problems very, very quickly. (2001)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
8. –Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy?
--No, you______. You may keep it until next Wednesday.
A needn’t B can’t C must D may
9、To everyone’s surprise, Alex ________play chess very well when he was only four. （09）
A. might B. should C. would D. could
10、Everyone __________go through the security check (安檢) when entering the World Expo Park.
A .can B. may C.must D. ought
答案; 1-5 BDDBA 6-10 CDADC
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