動詞的被動語態
<table><tbody>注1：被動語態的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態動詞後加not，短語動詞的被動態不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結構be
going to, used to, have to, had better變為被動態時，只需將其後的動詞變為被動態。 如：
Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.
Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.
注2：漢語有一類句子不出現主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構表示。如：
It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that…
It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that…
It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that…
注3：下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.
The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.
注4：下面詞或短語沒有被動態：
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等
一、語態
主動語態：主+謂（do）+ 賓 + 地點 + 時間
被動語態：主+謂（be done）+by sb+地點+時間
（一）主動語態的各時態句子結構：
1、 一般現在時：S + do + O +……
2、 一般過去時：S + did + O +……
3、現在進行時：S + am/is/are doing + O +……*
4、過去進行時：S +was/were doing + O +……
5、一般將來時：S + will V原 + O +……
6、過去將來時：S + would V原+ O +……
7、現在完成時：S + have/has done + O +……
8、過去完成時：S +had done + O +……
（二） 被動語態的各時態句子結構：
1. 一般現在時：S+ is / am / are done + by sb + ……
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
2. 一般過去時：S + was / were done + by sb + ……
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3、現在進行時：S + am/is/are being done + by sb +……
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
Trees are being planted over there by them.
4、過去進行時：S +was/were being done + by sb +……
The sick man was being taken care of by the nurse at that time.
A letter was being written by Li Ming when I came in.
5、一般將來時：S + will be done + by sb +……
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
6、過去將來時：S + would be done + by sb +……
They would be sent to the army when they finished the training.
He said my TV would be repaired in the shop the next day.
7、現在完成時：S + have/has been done + by sb +……
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
8、過去完成時：S +had been done + by sb +……
A tooth had been lost before he went to school.
Danny said that the puzzle had been made by Li Ming.
二、 主動語態變被動語態的步驟
1、先找出主動句中的謂語動詞,確定賓語；然後將賓語變為被動句中的主語。
（注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變為主格。）
eg： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
2、將主動句的謂語動詞在被動句中改為"be+過去分詞"。
eg：They held a meeting yesterday.
→ A meeting was held by them yesterday.
3、將主動語態中的主語放by後放在謂語動詞後。（若是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人們"、"大家"的單詞，或不需強調的人時變為被動句，通常可省略）
注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應由主格變為賓格。
eg：He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
4、主動句中的時間地點變為被動句時位置不變。
eg: Li Lei mended the broken bike under the tree this morning.
→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei under the tree this morning.
三、不用被動語態的情況：
1. 系動詞無被動。
The fish tastes delicious.
I feel tired now.
2.不及物動詞無被動語態。
What will happen in 100 years?
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
3. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This window needs repairing.
This new book is worth reading.
四、主動句變被動句的特殊用法：
1、含有情態動詞的被動語態：情態動詞+ be + done
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
2、主動句中感官動詞或使役動詞後跟的賓補是V原時，變為被動語態須在賓補前加上to ；若賓補是doing/adj.，變為被動句則不變。
eg： A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
We saw them coming over.→They were seen coming over.
3、 主動句中謂動接雙賓語時，改為被動句把需強調的賓語提前做主語。若是把直接賓語(物)作主語，那麼間接賓語（人）要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定（如：give sth to sb; make sth for sb）。
eg. He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
6、 一些動詞短語用於被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
eg. We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
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