定語從句講解與練習（五）
五、 as, which引導的定語從句
as\\which都可以用來引導修飾整個主句的非限制性定語從句，把整個主句作為先行詞。
我常常說是先行句。在中學階段，我們主要把握兩個方面的內容。一是這兩個詞在引導非限制性定語從句的區別，二是as搭配引導的定語從句。
1. as\\which的區別
as引導的定語從句可以置於主句前面，句子中間，也可以置於主句後面，與主句用逗號
隔開。而which引導的定語從句只能置於主句後面。所以，定語從句在主句前面，只能用as引導。
As引導的定語從句表示說話人對話語的看法、態度、解釋或評論，意為“正如，像，由…而知。常作實義動詞的賓語，如see, know, hear, watch, say, tell, show, expect, guess, remember等，也可作這些詞被動語態的主語。
往往用這樣的搭配：as we all know, as we can see, as is known to us, as is seen to all, as is reported等等。
As we had expected, he passed the driving test easily. 正如我們預料的，他很輕鬆地通過了駕駛測試。
He passed the driving test easily, as we had expected.
As had been expected, he passed the driving test easily.
He passed the driving test easily, as had been expected.
He, as we had expected, passed the driving test easily.
which引導的定語從句對主句所敘述的事實補充說明，表明事物的狀態或結果。常譯為“這個事，這一點”等。當主句與從句之間存在邏輯上的因果關係和並列關係時，往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again, which made his teacher very angry. 湯姆上學又遲到了，這使得他的老師很生氣。
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. 吉姆通過了駕駛考試，這件事讓辦公室的所有人都感到吃驚。
如果還不能從上面的講解分辨該用as還是which，就再掌握以下區別，as側重於正面的、積極的、肯定的表述，而which側重於負面的、消極的、否定的表述。如：
The plan turned out to be very successful, as we all expected. 這個計劃進行得很成功，與我們所期待的一樣。
He didn’t pass the driving test, which we all unexpected. 他沒有通過駕駛考試，這出乎我們的意料。
2. as搭配。
當先行詞受the same\\such修飾時，關係詞常用as。如：
Such doctors as have made great contributions to the fighting of the virus should be greatly respected. 為抗擊病毒作出了很大貢獻的醫生們應該受到極大的尊重。
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他並不是他看起來的樣子像一個傻子。
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 這是和我上週丟失的一樣的詞典。
She likes to wear the same dress as her younger sister wears. 她喜歡穿和她妹妹一樣的裙子。
注意：與the same … that的區別：
This is the same dictionary that I lost last week. 這是我上週丟失的那本詞典。
She likes to wear the same dress that her younger sister wears. 她喜歡穿她妹妹穿的那件裙子。
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