在最新一輪高中課改中，隨著新教材的使用推廣，讀後續寫或概要寫作這兩種英語新題型，已經在浙江、山東、遼寧等省份的日常考試中頻繁出現，並將在2020年高考中使用。
河北、江蘇、北京、天津、海南、湖南、湖北、廣東、福建、重慶等省份也在陸續將新題型納入日常練習和高考考查中。
讀後續寫
讀後續寫主要關注以下四個方面的能力:
把握短文關鍵信息和語言特點的能力。學生需要了解所給短文的主要內容，清楚其關鍵詞和語言結構的使用情況，並通過續寫短文表現出來。
（2）語言運用的準確性和豐富性。學生能準確、恰當地使用所學詞彙和語言結構，還能夠根據內容需要使用較多、較複雜的詞彙和語言結構。
（3）對語篇結構的把控能力 。學生需要掌握上下文邏輯關係，所續寫的短文與所給短文及段落開頭語之間要有連貫性，所續寫的短文內語句要連貫、有序。
（4）創造性思維能力。學生所續寫的短文要具有較豐富的內容，包含詳細和生動的情景、態度和感情描述。
“讀後續寫”答題攻略如下：
（1）精讀文章，確定文章線索。每篇文章都有各自獨特的寫作思路，通過精讀文章，找到該篇文章的寫作線索，例如什麼人(who)什麼時間(when)在什麼地方(where)因為什麼(why)做了什麼事兒(what)，最後有了什麼發展(how)。
（2）仔細審題，明確續寫要求。一般短文後面的“注意”都有對此短文續寫的具體要求，如字數限制、使用幾處下劃線關鍵詞語、續寫段落的首句提示。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩續寫思路。根據文章後面的要求，再次快速回讀短文，抓住文章的思路，結合段首的提示語，最終確定續寫段落的思路，同時結合文章劃線詞語提示，確定續寫段落的內容。
（4）擬寫草稿，修改錯詞病句。在確定了思路和內容之後，最關鍵的就是結合提示語或者文中劃線的關鍵詞語擬寫草稿。擬寫時，注意句子結構的多樣性、語言的豐富性，並通過句與句之間連接詞的正確使用，使上下文連貫。這一步是得分的關鍵。
例題示意（選自《一遍過》高中英語選擇性必修第一冊）：
閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。續寫的詞數應為150左右。
Sally had an anxiety disorder that made her fail to speak in social situations. I`m a nurse and use Bella to help children in my community, to bring them joy, comfort and confidence. I thought back to when I first brought Bella to the school.
That morning in January, her teacher led us to a room by the school office. “Sally hasn't spoken outside her home for two years,” she told me. “Her parents have taken her to doctors, but nothing has worked. ”A little girl stood shyly just inside the doorway. Her eyes brightened when she noticed my dog.
“This is Isabella Rose. I call her Bella,” I said. “Would you like to pet her? She doesn`t know anyone here and she`d like to meet you. She does tricks. Would you like to see?”
Sally nodded. I moved my hand. Bella lay down and then rolled over. Sally`s eyes cheered up. We visited the school once a week. I showed Sally the hand signals for various commands. She was a natural for Bella, maybe because she couldn't rely on the spoken word herself. Bella sensed that and responded. Soon Sally was able to take Bella through her paces all on her own. I could see her standing taller, more sure of herself each time we met.
One morning in March when she was working with Bella, I heard a tiny voice, barely a whisper: “Good dog.” Sally didn`t take her eyes off Bella, but I wanted to jump for joy. Sally spoke a little more each week, only to Bella at first，but then to me. She started giving voice commands with her hand signals and her confidence rose. Still, she hadn`t spoken in her classroom and the school year was winding itself down.
Now, five-year-old Sally stood nervously in front of her kindergarten class, with Bella, my trained dog, sitting calmly by her side. Her classmates focused their attention on Sally, waiting for her to speak. It was June -only one week of school left - but they had never heard her voice.
Paragraph 1：
Not a word came out.
Paragraph 2：
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination.
【文章大意】 Sally患有焦慮性障礙，但是她似乎與作者訓練的小狗Bella一見如故，Bella能幫助 Sally樹立信心開口說話嗎？
【寫作思路】
·審題要點
作者是一名護士,用專門訓練過的狗Bella幫助社區的那些孩子獲得快樂、慰藉和信心。Sally是個患有焦慮性障礙的孩子,兩年以來,她離開家就沒有說過話,看醫生也沒有作用。作者帶著Bella去學校看望 Sally,她一下子就喜歡上了Bella。在Bella的幫助之下, Sally慢慢地開始說話了。在學期結束之前的一週，Sally想努力克服障礙，到講臺上發言。
文章需要同學們站在作者的角度，寫出Sally在課堂上說話的過程。人稱應以第三人稱為主，第一人稱為輔。時態以一般過去時為主。
·思路點撥
文章屬於記敘文。同學們在續寫故事時要有條理，遵循原文的筆調。
根據續寫第一段的開頭語可知，Sally未能成功地在課堂上當著同學們的面說話，該段需要描寫出Sally想要在課堂上當著所有同學的面說話時的表現。
再結合第二段的開頭語可知，Sally的第二次嘗試可能成功了。同學們可以使用分詞短語作狀語來描寫Sally當時的細微動作和心理活動，也可以反覆使用簡單句，凸顯Sally從緊張、猶豫到後來下定決心要突破自我的過程。
【範文賞讀】
Paragraph 1：
Not a word came out. Sally had been so excited about putting on a dog show for her class. She had practiced with Bella and me for weeks. Now her eyes found mine. I nodded encouragingly. She took a deep breath and opened her mouth. But her mouth, then her whole body, seemed to defeat herself. Sally stood off to the side, head down. I felt awful. Sally returned to her seat, not looking at anyone, not even Bella.
Paragraph 2：
The next week, she told me she wanted to try again, looking up at me with determination. We headed to Sally`s classroom. The kids were sitting in a circle on the floor listening to the teacher. They turned when we arrived. We walked to the front of the quiet room. I shook Sally`s hands and stepped back. For a few seconds that seemed like hours, she stood silently, staring at her classmates. Finally she waved her hand and whispered, “This is Sally.”Then, a little louder,“ Sally, your classmate. Looking forward to making friends with you.”
概要寫作
概要寫作這一題型一方面考查通過閱讀獲取文章主旨大意和關鍵詞的能力，另一方面也考查寫作能力即用簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結構的把握能力。該題型具有以下特點：
（1）客觀性：概要寫作是一種客觀的複述，在正確理解原文的基礎上，用自己的語言再現作者的思想，寫作內容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要點，也不能隨意增加內容。寫作時要儘可能避免使用原文中的字句。
（2）簡潔性：概要寫作是一種對原文“濃縮”後產生的新語篇，通過刪除原文中的細節減少例證，簡化描述內容以及去除重複來實現語言的簡潔性，但是簡潔的同時還要做到意義的完整。
（3）連貫性：概要寫作並不是寫提綱那樣只是要點的羅列。寫概要時，必須在各要點之間增加一些體現邏輯的關係詞，使概要銜接緊密、脈絡清晰。寫出的概要讀起來要完整連貫、獨立成篇。
“概要寫作”答題步驟如下：
（1）細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結構，明確各段的大意。
（2）弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。
（3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內容和結構，將內容分項扼要表述並注意在結構上的順序。在此基礎上選出與文章主題密切相關的部分。
（4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點。
·概要應包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細節。
·安排好篇幅的比例，概要應同原文保持協調，即用較多的文字寫重要內容，用較少的文字寫次要內容。
·注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當的關聯詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關聯詞語，以免顯得生硬。
·不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結構上也能有一些轉換會更好。
·計算詞數，看是否符合規定的詞數要求。
例題示意（選自《一遍過》高中英語必修2）：
閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。
When your social calendar fills up with dinners, parties and other gatherings, it can feel like there`s a weight on you. How can you possibly do everything everyone is asking of you and still find time for yourself?
Just remember: You don`t need to accept every invitation. This is especially tough during busy times of the year, like the holiday season. It`s more than OK to turn down an invitation. First, why do people have trouble refusing invitations, even when they don`t want to go? According to social psychologist Susan Newman, we often equate(使等同) being polite with saying ”yes” to everything. As a result, we think saying “no” is somehow rude to the asker. But always saying “yes” to things you really don`t want to do can be damaging. Saying “yes” to everyone else and ignoring your own needs is a recipe for feeling unbearable and unhappy.
So how can you give a firm but polite “no”? Etiquette (禮儀) expert Diane Gottsman said people tend to overexplain when they refuse an invitation. Instead, keep your response simple and straightforward. When you feel uncomfortable, be ready in advance so you have a plan when an invitation comes through .Simply say, “Thank you so much .I need to check my calendar and get back to you.”Or, you can say,” It sounds like it`s going to be a wonderful party but unfortunately I already have other plans.”
And finally, don`t forget that how you spend your time is your choice and nobody else`s. Know that there is more pressure around the holiday season to gather and celebrate, but how you choose to spend your time is totally up to you. Remind yourself you can see friends or families at other times of the year.
【寫作思路】
1.跳讀文章，找主旨
Paragraph 1: When your social calendar fills up with dinners, parties and other gatherings, it can feel like there`s a weight on you.
Paragraph 2: As a result, we think saying “no” is somehow rude to the asker. But always saying “yes” to things you really don`t want to do can be damaging.
Paragraph 3: Instead, keep your response simple and straightforward.
Paragraph 4: And finally, don`t forget that how you spend your time is your choice and nobody else`s.
2.去枝葉，留主幹
Paragraph 1: fills up with dinners, parties and other gatherings, there`s a weight on you.
Paragraph 2: think saying “no” is somehow rude to the asker，always saying “yes” to things can be damaging.
Paragraph 3: keep your response simple and straightforward.
Paragraph 4: how you spend your time is your choice.
3.尊重原文主旨，變化表達方式
Point 1. Many people still say “yes” when receiving an invitation although they are very busy.
Point 2. They do this because they think it`s impolite to say “no”. Constantly accepting invitations you really don`t like can be damaging.
Point 3. You can refuse others` invitations simply and directly.
Point 4. How you spend your time is decided by yourself.
【範文賞讀】
Many people still say “yes” when receiving an invitation although they are very busy.(要點1)They do this because they think it`s impolite to say “no”.But constantly accepting invitations you really don`t like can be damaging, such as making you feel stressful and unhappy.( 要點2)So you can refuse others` invitations simply and directly.( 要點3)Because how you spend your time is decided by yourself.( 要點4)
2020.3.22
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