Unit1 How can we become good learners?
一、知識要點：
1. by reading the textbook
①by + doing意為：“通過……方式”，譯成“靠、通過”，後接名詞或v+ing形式。該結構在句子作方式狀語，用於回答與方式有關的how引導的特殊疑問句。
通過製作單詞卡片 by making word kards
通過向老師求助 by asking the teacher for help
通過讀教材 by reading the textbook
通過聽磁帶 by listening to tapes
通過小組學習 by working with a group
通過看錄像 by watching videos
②by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定詞） by bike by train
③另外，by作為介詞的意義還很多，我們也學過一些用法，總結如下：
1） 在……旁邊；靠近：There is a power station by the river.
2） 沿著；經由：come by the highway由公路來
3） 由於：by mistake 由於差錯
4） 被；由：some articles written by Lu Xun 一些由魯迅寫的文章
By構成的短語：
by the way 順便問一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 錯誤地 one by one 一個接一個 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐漸地
by the time 到……為止 by oneself 獨自地 by and by 不久之後
by hand 用手 by the end of 到….... 末尾
③by/with/in/on “用” 的不同用法
◆with 的用法：表示用某種工具
(1) with +工具 We like to write with a pen.
(2)with+人體部位 We see with our eyes.
◆in 的用法：通常與“衣著、聲音、書寫材料”等名稱連用
in+語言 in English 用英語 speak in a soft voice
◆on 的用法： on +電器或媒介 on TV /radio/Internet
④watch/read/see/look at “看”的用法：
(1)看電視、看比賽、看錶演用watch watch TV 看電視
(2)看書、看報、看雜誌用read read the book看書
(3)看電影、看醫生用see see the doctor 看醫生
(4) 看黑板、看地圖用look at look at the blackboard 看黑板
2. by asking the teacher for help
ask for請求；要求；向…要…，需要： ask sb for sth 向某人要，向某人要某物
He asked me politely for the book. 他彬彬有禮地向我要那本書。
ask for要求見(某人)；(通過詢問來)尋找(某人)，找(人)
Did anyone ask for me? 有人來找過我嗎?
ask sb. about sth 向某人詢問關於某事
(1)ask sb. for help 向某人請求幫助
(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth請求某人做某事
3. Does anyone learn English by watching videos?
learn →learned/learnt→learned/learnt v 學習 learn about 瞭解
(1) learn from sb. 向某人學習 We should learn from each other.
(2) learn to do sth 學著做某事
(3)learn …by oneself= teach oneself 自學
4、Do you have conversations with friends in English？
have conversations with sb與某人交談
I often have conversations with John over the telephone. 我經常通過電話和約翰交。
5. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
1）用於提建議的句型有：
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎麼樣？
(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 為什麼不呢？
(3)Let’s do sth.讓我們一起做某事吧。
(4)Shall we/I do sth?我們做…好嗎？
(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事
(6) Will/Would you please do sth 請你做…好嗎？
(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事嗎？
(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事嗎？
回答：
(1). 同意對方的建議時，一般用：
◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意 ◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我願意 ◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
◆ No problem 沒問題 ◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 當然可以
◆Yes, I think so 對，我也這樣想
(2).對對方的幫助或要求表示委婉謝絕時，一般用：
◆ I don’t think so 我認為不是這樣 ◆Sorry, I can’t 對不起，我不能
◆I‟d love to, but… ◆ I‟m afraid…我願意，但恐怕……
2） aloud/loud/loudly
(1) aloud adv “大聲地、出聲地” ，指出聲能讓人聽見，但聲音不大
read aloud 大聲朗讀
(2) loudly adv 作副詞時，常與speak, talk, laugh等連用。強調聲音高，喧叫“響亮地”
Speak loudly, please. I can’t hear you clearly.
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.
3） practice v 練習 practice doing sth 練習做某事
finish doing sth ，enjoy doing sth , mind doing sth , give in doing sth ,
can’t help doing sth
4）pronounce v 發音 → pronunciation n 發音
Please tell me how to pronounce the word.
What’s the pronunciation of the word “text”?
6 . I do that sometimes . I think it helps.
some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
【口訣】：分開是一段， 合起是某時； 分開s 是倍次，合起s是有時
(1) some time一段時間，做時間狀語 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間
(2) sometime adv 在某個時候，
(3) some times 名詞詞組，“幾次，幾倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.
(4)sometimes=at times 有時 （一般現在時的標誌詞）
7. It’s too hard to understand spoken English.
too…to… 太….而不能….（表示否定） too +adj./adv原級+to do sth
He’s too short to reach that apple.他太矮了，而不能夠到那個蘋果。
Tom runs too slowly to catch the early bus. Tom跑的太慢了，而不能趕上早班公交車。
so… that…如此……以至於（表示肯定）
The boy is too young to go on his own.
The boy is so young that he can’t go on his own.
8. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
the +比較級， the+ 比較級” “ 越……,就越……”
The harder you study, the better result you will get.
9. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?
find → found →found v尋找 ，發現
(1) find sb. doing sth 發現某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 發現做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 發現做某事很困難
10、What is the secret to language learning？
to 介詞“屬於，歸於”
the secret to success 成功的秘訣
the key to the house 房屋的鑰匙
the answer to the question 問題的答案
the ticket to the football game 足球賽門票
11. But I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad.
be afraid to 害怕去做某事
(1)be afraid of sth/doing sth 害怕做某事（擔心出現某種不良後果）
(2)be afraid to do sth 害怕去做…（“怕” 或 “不敢”去做某事）
(3)be afraid +that 恐怕…（用於禮貌地表達可能令人不愉快的消息）
(4) 回答別人的提問時， 可用省略形式I’m afraid so(not).
The girl was afraid to go across the bridge, for she was afraid of falling down from it.
12. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie!
①fall/be in love with 喜好、喜愛、戀愛
I fell in love with this house.我喜歡上了這個房子。
They fell in love with each other.他們彼此相愛了。
fall構成的短語：fall into 落入 fall off 跌落 fall down 倒下 fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病
②excite→ exciting/excited 興奮的 be excited about對…感到興奮
surprise→surprising/surprised 吃驚的 be surprised at 對…感到吃驚
relax →relaxed /relaxing adj. 令人放鬆的 be relaxed about 對……感到放鬆
bore → bored/boring adj. 令人厭煩的
interest→interesting/interested 有趣的 be interested in 對…感興趣
注意：以—ing結尾的adj. 常用來作定語或表語，修飾物。
以—ed結尾的adj.用來表示情緒，常做表語，修飾人
13. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked up the words in a dictionary
look up 查找(跟代詞作賓語，代詞放中間)
look構成的短語： look after 照顧 look like 看起來像 look out 當心，小心
look through 瀏覽 look for 尋找 look forward to 期待
look around 向四周看 have/ take a look 看一看 look over 檢查
14. I can’t understand spoken English.
speak→ spoke → spoken v 說
【注】部分動詞的過去分詞也可做該詞的形容詞：
spoken 口語的 broken 壞掉的 written 寫作的
spoken English 英語口語 written English 書面英語
15. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed
“疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語（what to do後可不跟賓語，how to do 後必須跟賓語）
know（知道），tell(告訴) wonder（想知道） ask(問) find out (發現) learn (學會)+ what , which, when, where, how+（to do）
I don’t know how to use commas.我不知道如何使用逗號。
—We can use QQ to communicate with each other online.
—Good. Will you please show me how to use it.
16. I make mistakes in grammar
make mistakes 犯錯（誤） make mistakes in 在某方面犯錯 by mistake 錯誤地
make構成的短語：
make the bed 整理床鋪 make face 做鬼臉 make a living 謀生
make friends 交朋友 make fun of = laugh at 取笑 make money 賺錢
17、Everyone is born with the ability to learn.
be born with天生具有
He is born with what he needs to win at life他生來就是要為了在人生中獲得成功。
The kid is born with painting talent這個小孩子有繪畫方面的天賦。
18、But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
depend on依靠、依賴
We shouldn't always depend on our parents 我們不應該總是依賴我們的父母親!
19. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time.
①It’s + adj.(easy, difficult, important, hard, necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth
句中形容詞表示事物特徵的，如：easy ,difficult, hard ,important等，須用介詞for
It’s +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.
句子中形容詞表示人的性格、品質與特點，如：good ,kind ,nice, wrong等，用介詞of
②pay attention to 對……注意（後接名詞、v+ing）
Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. 請注意照顧好你的小孩.
20. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.
think about 想起，考慮 think of 想到，認為 think over 仔細考慮
21. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.
even though=even if “即使，儘管” 引導讓步狀語從句 ，注意用力even though，不能再用but。
Even though she was a girl ,she could do a lot of housework to help her mother.
三、重點短語：
1. . ask sb. for help 請求某人的幫助 2. read the textbook 讀課文
3. improve one’s speaking skills 提髙某人說的能力 4. spoken English 英語口語
5. get the main ideas 抓住主題 6. make word cards 製作單詞卡片
7. listen to tapes 聽磁帶 8. read word by word 逐字逐句地讀
9. be patient 耐心點兒 10. the secret to language learning 語言學習的訣轉
11. be afraid to do sth.不敢'做某事 12. fall in love with.. . 愛上
13. body language 肢體語言 14. look them up in a dictionary 在詞典裡查閱它們
15. take notes 記筆記 16. memorize sentence patterns 記句型
17. make mistakes in grammar 犯語法錯誤 18. learning habits 學習習慣
19. have sth. in common 有.......共同,點 20. pay attention to 注意 21. get bored 變得無聊
22. connect… with. ….把.......與.......聯繫起來 23. write down key words 摘抄重點詞
24. after class 課後25. be interested in… 對....感興趣 26. in class 在課堂上
27. do sth. on one’s own 獨立做某事 28. do sth. bit by bit 慢慢地做某事
29. do sth. over and over again 一遍又一遍地做某事 3 0. worry about. , 為.......而擔憂
31. depend on 依賴；取決於 32.Practce makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 33. the ability to learn 學習能力
四、重點句型：
1. What about listening to tapes? 聽磁帶怎麼樣？
2. How do you study for a test? 你怎樣為考試而學習的？
3. I study by making word cards. 我通過製作單詞卡片來學習。
4. Have you ever studied with a group? 你曾經參加過學習小組嗎？
5. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 英語口語太難懂了。
6. The more you read, the faster you’ll be. 你的閱讀量越大，你的閱讀速度就能提髙得越快。 7. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English? 為什麼魏芬覺得學英語很難？
8. I don’ t know how to increase my reading speed. 我不知道如何提高我的閱讀速度。
9. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. 即使你某樣東西學得很好，但是如果你不用它，你也會忘掉的。
五、 交際用語
1. Well, be patient. It takes time.耐心點兒！這需要時間的。
2. That doesn’t sound too bad.那聽起來不是很糟糕。
3. —Have you ever studied with a group?你曾經參加過學習小組嗎？
—Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.是的，我參加過。我已經通過那種方式學到了不少(東西）。
4. How do you study for a test?你怎樣為考試而學習的？
—I study by working with a group. 我通過小組合作的方式來學習。
5. It’s a piece of cake.小菜一碟/太容易了！
6.1 need your help.我需要你的幫助。
7.Use it or lose it.
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