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考研真題及答案
第1單元 本傑明•富蘭克林
1.1 複習筆記
I. Introduction to author（作者簡介）
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador,-“Jack of all trades.”
富蘭克林(1706—1790)是人類歷史上少有的天才。他是出版家、郵政總長、曆書作者、散文家、科學家、發明家、演說家、政治家、哲學家、政治經濟學家、大使、業務員等等。
1Life（生平）
He was born into a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Dogood. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital, an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the makers of the new nation.
富蘭克林出生於一個貧窮的家庭。他非常勤奮好學。16歲時開始以筆名“靜行善”發表評論文章。17歲時隻身逃往費城謀生。後成為出版商。他幫助建立了賓夕法尼亞大學的前身——賓夕法尼亞醫學院和北美哲學學會。他也是當時著名的科學家。他簽署過《獨立宣言》。他是美國的締造者之一。
2Major works（主要作品）
Poor Richard’s Almanac 《窮查理曆書》
The Autobiography 《自傳》
II. Selected works（選讀作品）
◆The Autobiography《自傳》
1Main content（主要內容）
It depicted the background of Benjamin Franklin, including his studying in his young age and his experiences of work. And his achievement in politics, science and economy were also mentioned in this book.
There are four parts in this book. The first part is the experiences of his first 25years of his life. The second part, written in Paris, is the accomplishments on science and the cause of public affairs. The third and fourth part, written in Philadelphia, is the record of his life from 25 to 51-year-old.
這本書主要記敘了本傑明的成長經歷，包括年幼時讀書還有工作經歷。書中也講述了他在政治、科學及經濟領域取得的成就。
本書共有四部分。第一部分講述了他一生前25年的經歷。第二部分寫於巴黎，側重描寫在科學上的成就及他所從事的公共事業。第三四兩部分寫於費城，先後記敘了他從25歲至51歲的生活。
2Comments（賞析）
(1) The Autobiography was probably the first of its kind in literature. It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, the faithful account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man. He represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream.
(2) The Autobiography is also an eloquent elucidation of the fact that Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of eighteenth-century enlightenment. It is also a Puritan document. It is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The book is also a convincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that, in order to get on in the world, one has to be industrial, frugal and prudent.
(3) The style of The Autobiography reveals that it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness and concision.
（1） 《自傳》是自傳體文學中的上乘佳作。它簡明而極其引人入勝地敘述了富蘭克林由窮苦卑微而躍至富有、聞名的故事。它忠實地記錄了美國第一位自力更生者光輝燦爛的職業生涯。他代表著，在美國，人本質是善良自由的，擁有上帝賦予的不可剝奪的自由及追求幸福的權力。該書通過講述自力更生而獲取成功的故事，歌頌了美國夢的實現。
（2） 《自傳》充分說明了富蘭克林是18世紀美國啟蒙運動的代言人。這也是一本清教文獻。它記錄了清教徒的自我反省和自我完善。它也是清教道德原則的最好說明，為了取得成功，人必須勤勞、簡樸、謹慎。
（3） 《自傳》的文體體現出清教徒樸素、直爽、簡潔的風格。
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