非謂語動詞
一、定義
不充當句子謂語的動詞叫做非謂語動詞。它們不受主語限制，無時態與語態變化，又稱非限定性動詞。
二、形式
1. 動詞不定式（to do sth. ）
2. 動名詞（v. -ing）
3.分詞 現在分詞（v. -ing)
過去分詞（v. -ed或不規則變化）
此外，不定式可以與疑問詞連用, 用作主語、賓語、表語等。
①I can’t decide which one to buy.
我不能決定該買哪一件。（作賓語）
② When to start hasn’t been discussed.
什麼時候開始還沒有被討論。（作主語）
【溫馨提示】
(1)help後接不定式時可以省略to；
(2)有些動詞後接不定式時通常省略to：feel, hear, see, watch, notice, let, make, have（簡記為一感一聽三看三讓）。
上述動詞變為被動語態後，其後的不定式必須補上“to”。
①Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim.
湯姆幫他的弟弟學習游泳。
變為被動語態：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom.
②We often hear Jack sing English songs.
我們常聽見傑克唱英文歌。
變為被動語態：Jack is often heard to sing English songs.
【巧學妙記】只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞
決心學會有希望（decide, determine, learn, wish, hope）,
同意計劃莫假裝(agree, plan, pretend),
膽敢拒絕會失敗（dare, refuse, fail）,
準備設法來幫忙(prepare, try, manage, help),
提供請求負擔起(offer, beg, demand, afford),
答應安排理應當（promise, arrange, be supposed）,
以上後跟不定式，勸君牢記永不忘。
【巧學妙記】後接動詞-ing
喜歡（enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議（suggest)
盼望(look forward to)習慣(be used to)卻完畢(finish)
想要(feel like)花費(spend)去練習(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)還介意(mind)
My grandfather kept telling jokes and I couldn’t help laughing.
爺爺不停地講笑話，我忍不住笑了。
【溫馨提示】
部分動詞既可接動名詞作賓語，又可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區別較大。
remember doing sth. 記得做過某事
remember to do sth. 記得去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘了做過某事
forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事
need doing sth. 需要做某事（被動含義）
need to do sth. 需要去做某事（主動含義）
try doing sth. 嘗試做某事
try to do sth. 盡力做某事
hear/see sb. doing sth. 聽見/看見某人正在做某事
hear/see sb. do sth. 聽見/看見某人做了某事
非謂語動詞習題
Ⅰ. 用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. Mr. Scott made a living by ______ (sell) old things.
2. Trust him! He has no difficulty ______ (work) out the problem.
3. David preferred ______ (sell) newspapers to doing housework when he was young.
4. The student ______（name）Wang Lin is my example in English learning.
5. Davy enjoys ______ (play) tennis and baseball.
Ⅱ. 單項選擇
1. —Do you know whether the man _____ by the door is Mr. Smith?
—Sure. We’ve known each other for a long time.
A. stand
B. standing
C. stood
D. stands
2. It’s dangerous ______with the wild animal.
A. for us to play
B. of us playing
C. for us playing
D. of us to play
3. —When are you going to have your hair_____?
—This afternoon.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting
4. Drivers shouldn’t be allowed _____ after drinking, or they will break the law.
A. drive B. driving C. to drive
5. We don’t know______ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Li.
A. what to do B. to do what
C. whether to do D. to do whether
6. Our English teacher encourages us_____ part in all kinds of after-class activities.
A. to take B. take
C. taking D. to taking
7. How kind you are! You always do what you can_____me.
A. help B. helping
C. to help D. helps
8. The woman loves animals and she tries_____ these homeless animals.
A. to hurt B. to eat
C. to help D. to kill
9. —It’s a little cold today. Would you mind_____ the window?
—Of course not.
A. not opening
B. not to open
C. don’t open
D. no opening
10. The reporter didn’t go to bed until he finished ______ the article.
A. writing B. write
C. to write D. wrote
答案
Ⅰ. 用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. selling 2. working 3. selling 4. named 5. playing
Ⅱ. 單項選擇
1.【解析】選B。standing by the door是現在分詞短語作後置定語表示動作正在進行，與被修飾的man之間存在主動關係。故選B。
2.【解析】選A。It’s+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意為“做某事對某人……”，其中it為形式主語，動詞不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主語，故選A。
3.【解析】選A。have sth. done“讓……被做”。過去分詞作賓語補足語，與所修飾的賓語之間存在被動關係。故選A。
4.【解析】選C。allow sb. to do sth. “允許某人做某事”，其被動語態為sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允許做某事”。故選C。
5.【解析】選C。“特殊疑問詞+ to do”在此作know的賓語，再由it可知，句中已有動詞do的賓語，故選C。
6.【解析】選A。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事。
7.【解析】選C。動詞不定式短語to help作目的狀語。
8.【解析】選C。try to do sth. “努力做某事”。句意：這位女士喜歡動物，她努力地去幫助這些失去家園的動物。故選C。
9.【解析】選A。Would you mind doing sth. ? “你介意做某事嗎？”, 其否定形式為Would you mind not doing sth. ?
10.【解析】選A。 finish doing sth. 完成某事。故選A。
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