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Airbrushing a camouflage
喷涂迷彩
不瞒你们说，喷涂迷彩一直不是我的强项。。。
在做这类模型时，尤其是二战战场上的那些模型，我有时甚至会感到紧张。通过观察和参考老照片中的场景，可以避免把这类模型做的很僵硬。在这里面我呈现给大家一些方法，帮助我们做出更加自然的迷彩伪装。
Airbrushing camouflages has never been a strength of mine.
I sometimes feel a bit nervous whenapplying these types of patterns especially those applied in the field duringWorld War Two. Being tense and a bit stiff can detract from the natural lookoften observed in photos. Here I will demonstrate a few methods that I havedeveloped to help me obtain a more natural-looking field-appliedcamouflage.
如我前面所说，您需要熟悉您的喷笔和所使用的油漆涂料。用双动喷笔来做。在我喷涂迷彩的时候，很喜欢用稀释后的田宫水漆，另外Lifecolor水漆我用着也很称手，毒性也比较小。不同品牌的油漆有自己的特点，您需要找到一款你觉得最舒服的油漆。当然要始终注意的就是老生常谈的气压和稀释比例！
As I said earlier you should be familiarwith your airbrush and the paints you are working with. A double actionairbrush should be used for these tasks. Tamiya paints diluted with lacquerthinner have always worked well for me when airbrushing a camouflage. Lifecolordiluted with their thinner is another and less toxic mix that I have hadsuccess with. Remember that different brands of paint have their owncharacteristics and you should find one that you are comfortable with. Alsokeep in mind the air pressure and paint-to-thinner ratio.
接下来我们要在这辆T-34上用田宫水漆喷涂迷彩。这里我用的比例是：漆4：稀释剂6。气泵气压为18-20PSI。请记住，根据您的设备不同，这两个参数可能会发生变化。（不用拘泥比例数字，仅做参考）
The camouflage we will apply to this T-34will be done using Tamiya paints diluted with lacquer thinner. The mix usedhere was about 40% paint and 60% thinner. My air compressor was set at 18 to 20PSI. Remember that this paint to thinner ratio and compressor settings couldvary a bit depending on the equipment you are using.
△ Photo1-2 图片1-2
别忘了开始前在纸上练习一下。OK，练习好了之后，我开始在模型上喷涂了迷彩图案的轮廓。如图所示，喷嘴要尽量靠近模型，保证线条边缘更紧密。在操作喷笔时，只要轻轻拉动扳机，小出气量即可。保持喷笔运行，别停留。如果喷完发现对图案不满意怎么办？没关系，可以用底色把不需要的部分遮盖掉，重新再来一次。
After practicing on a piece of paper Iairbrushed an outline of the pattern over the model. The nozzle should be closethe subject as seen in the photos in order to keep the edges of the linestighter. You only want to gently pull back on the trigger of your double actionairbrush spraying a very light stream while always keeping the brush in motion.If you find that you are unhappy with the pattern of the outline you can simplycover the unwanted parts with the base colour and then reapply them.
△ Photo 3-6 图片3-6
一旦迷彩图案满意了，我就用喷笔慢慢的将这些轮廓填满。这样迷彩的效果就初步出来了。完成之后，我还会喷涂透明保护漆，一方面保护漆面，更重要的是让底色和迷彩色部分的漆面保持统一。这个例子里我喷了田宫X-22透明清漆，这对后续的渍洗非常有帮助。
Once content with the pattern I carefullyfill it in. After the camouflage I usually apply the markings then airbrush afew good coats of varnish over the model. The varnish will help to ensure thatthe tones used for the basecoat and those of the camouflage contain the sametype of finish. In this case I added a satin finish that would be better forthe anticipated washes in the upcoming steps.
△ Photo 7 图片7
正如我刚才提到的。喷涂迷彩时，我们其实可以在底色和迷彩色之间随心切换，以达到您想表达或者满意的效果。这个图片中通过在底色上喷涂绿色线条来作为这辆17cm加农炮上的线性迷彩图案。喷完绿色后其实可以再用回沙黄色来填补不满意的图案区域，把多余的绿色涂掉。
As I mentioned, switching back and forthbetween colors when airbrushing a camouflage will allow you to tweak unwantedareas obtaining better results. The tight linear camouflage pattern on the 17cmcannon of this Geschuzwagen Tiger was obtained by applying the green camouflageover the basecoat. I went back over the areas of the pattern which I wasunhappy with using the sand yellow basecoat.
△ Photo 8 图片8
在底色和伪装色之间来回切换用以修复和完善并不是唯一的方法。比如在这个已经经过色调调节的四号坦克上喷涂迷彩就需要格外的小心。因为它的底色可是相当的复杂，想用底色覆盖的方式来调整迷彩变得困难很多。本书的后面我们将会介绍在CM技法涂装的底色上喷迷彩。
Switching back and forth between the colorsof the basecoat and the tones of a camouflage in order to fix mistakes is notalways an option. Much care had to be taken when applying the camouflage overthis Panzer IV featuring Colour Modulation. The gradients in the basecoat wouldhave made covering the unwanted areas of the camouflage very difficult reducingthe natural shifting of the tones. We will cover applying camouflages overColour Modulation later in this book.
好了，又到了总结时间。在喷涂时，特别喷迷彩的时候，油漆的稀释和气泵的气压起着至关重要的作用。所以一定要在旧模型或者纸张上练习一下图案，确保万无一失。根据对象不同，您可以选择在底色和迷彩色之间来回切换，以获得最佳效果。好了，涂好底色和迷彩之后。今天的喷涂工作告一段落，我们要把喷笔清理干净了。如果你熟悉你的喷笔，这个应该不太困难，接下来我们就来谈谈清洗喷笔吧。
How much you dilute your paint and what yourcompressor is set to plays an important role when airbrushing especially duringspraying a camouflage. Practice your pattern first on an old model or piece ofpaper to make sure that everything is mixed and adjusted properly. Depending onthe subject you may have the option of switching back and forth between thebasecoat and the colour of the camouflage in order to obtain optimal results.After applying the basecoat and the camouflage you should clean the airbrushprior to putting it away. If you are familiar with your airbrush this shouldnot be too difficult as I will show you next.
CLEANING THE AIRBRUSH
清洗喷笔
喷涂完底色和迷彩之后，你恐怕会成就感满满。
现在重要的是要花一点时间来彻底清洁喷笔了。拉一拉扳机看看是否有松动，可以快速的判断喷笔的喷嘴内部是否有余漆残留。如果有这种情况，可能说明你的喷笔需要彻底清洁了.（译者注：有没有大神来指点一下这是个什么原理呢？）
不同类型的喷笔设计可能不尽相同，有些喷笔的拆卸方式也有所不同。我这款田宫超细HG，也是业余模型爱好者中非常普遍的选择之一。我们以此为例来做个演示吧，大部分喷笔的清洁步骤都和这个相同。
So you just got your basecoat andcamouflage finished and you are happy with the results.
It is now important that you devote a bitof time to disassemble and thoroughly clean the airbrush. One can quickly tellif any paint has built up inside of the nozzle of a double action airbrush byfeeling if the trigger has become slightly loose when pulling back on it. Ifyour trigger has any play it most likely means that your airbrush needs to becleaned.
There are many different types of airbrushdesigns and some disassemble rather differently. This Tamiya superfine HG-SFmodel is a rather common choice amongst hobbyists. Let’s use this as an exampleas the same cleaning steps will apply to most other type of airbrushes.
△ Photo 1 图片1
如前所述，最好使用和油漆相同品牌的稀释剂或洗笔液来清洁喷笔。用不同品牌的洗笔液或稀释剂有可能会导致喷嘴内残余油漆凝固，从而堵塞喷嘴的情况。那就得花更多的时间来清了。如果你非常了解你常使用品牌油漆的成分，可以在当地的五金店，绘画工具店，甚至是药店买到替代产品，如异丙醇或酒精。
As already mentioned it is best to use thethinner or brush cleaner offered by the brand of paint you are using to cleanyour airbrush. Mixing different brands of paint and thinner together can causethe remaining paint inside of the nozzle to coagulate making miserable clogs thattake much more time to clean. If you are knowledgeable of the brands younormally use, there are less expensive alternatives such as isopropyl alcoholor white spirits available in your local hardware, art and pharmaceuticalstores.
△ Photo2 图片2
在涂装完之前那个E-50的氧化红底色后，我只需加入一点稀释剂，来清理喷笔。方法是：我把稀释剂倒入喷壶内，接下来堵住喷嘴，同时拉动扳机让空气回流。这时候会产生气泡，它们有助于清除喷笔内部大部分的涂料，回流一会儿后，可以倒掉或者直接喷掉。
After applying the red oxide basecoat to myE50 I simply took the same lacquer thinner, used to thin the paint during theapplication of the base coat, to clean out the airbrush. I like to start byplacing some of the thinner into the cup. Next I block the end of the nozzlewhile pulling the trigger forcing the air back up through the cup. The bubblescreated will help to clean most of the paint away from the interior of theairbrush. After you can dump out the dirty thinner and/or spray it through thenozzle.
△ Photo3-4 图片3-4
接下来拧下喷嘴（译者注：这里千万要小心，用扳手拧喷嘴的时候用力不要太猛，容易断，那就彻底悲剧了），将针头从后面取出，然后在餐巾纸上轻轻地擦干净。
Next unscrew the nozzle, slide the needlethrough the front and wipe it clean on a piece of tissue paper.
△ Photo 5 图片5
随着喷笔用了一段时间之后，通常会在喷嘴内部会有油漆和灰尘堆积。您可以用针（译者注：淘宝上有很多清理喷笔的工具卖）小心的清理喷头和喷嘴内部，把余漆残留弄出来。把喷笔拆开清洁后，放一夜让它干燥，第二天再组装起来。
Over time there will usually be some of paintand dust collected inside of the nozzle. You can carefully scrape the inside ofthe nozzle and push the dry paint through the end using the needle. Aftersimply place the disassembled airbrush down and let it dry overnight beforeassembling it again in the morning.
BRUSH PAINTING BASE COATSAND CAMOUFLAGES
笔涂底色和迷彩
喷涂虽然是模型爱好者在涂装时的首选方式，但也有笔涂更适合的情况。
笔涂通常需要花更多的时间，更多的耐心，更好的手法来避免笔痕。如果你足够耐心，油漆稀释得当，薄涂多层，在涂刷大面积时笔涂有一定的优势。
Airbrushing is usually the preferred meansby modellers for applying coats of paint but there will be cases where a paintbrush is more suitable.
Brush painting requires more time. Moreskill is also needed in order to avoid textures, like brush strokes, after thepaint has dried that will affect the washes. If you are patient and thin thepaint properly, brush painting large areas has its advantages.
在这个例子中，我们来笔涂一种硬边迷彩。有很多遮盖的方法来喷涂硬边迷彩。可以用遮盖带，遮盖液甚至是那种有粘性的油泥。问题是这些方法通常都还需要在边缘再进行一些修饰才能达到满意的效果，这还没有计算切割遮盖带创造复杂的迷彩图案所需花费的大量时间，用遮盖液可能会弄的到处都是，油泥可能会破坏蚀刻片。通过笔涂绘制硬边迷彩就可以很好的控制了，而且颜色的边缘更加犀利。
In this example we are going to apply ahardedge camouflage scheme. There are a number of methods for masking andairbrushing hard edge camouflages. Cut pieces of masking tape, liquid mask andeven silly putty can be used. The problem is that these methods often requiresome touch up around the edges. Time is also needed to properly cut the piecesof tape to create intricate patterns. Liquid mask can be messy. Silly puttywill break fine photoetched details. Painting a complex hard-edge camouflage bybrush will give you more control while allowing you tighter edges betweencolors.
在本节中，我将向您展示如何在这辆JSU-152上使用笔涂的方式呈现复杂的硬边迷彩。不幸的是，我只有一张JSU-152的照片，模型也是参照这张图片，在这种情况下，我需要仔细研究照片中的迷彩图案，判断它在照片中的侧面看起来是什么样的。
In this section I am going to now show youhow I applied a complex hard-edged camouflage onto this JSU-152 using a paintbrush. Unfortunately I only had one photo of the JSU-152 on which this replicawas modeled. In this case I needed to study the camouflage in the photocarefully to get an idea as to how it might appear on the sides out of view inthe photo.
△ Photo 1 图片1
先用Lifecolor漆喷涂绿色底色。然后我用铅笔描绘迷彩图案。
After airbrushing a coat of green over themodel using Lifecolor paints I drew the camouflage pattern using a pencil.
△ Photo 2-4 图片2-4
我用AV手涂漆调制了第一种色调，然后用水稀释了一下达到所谓的“牛奶状”。稀释涂料好处是我们可以得到更光滑的表面，笔痕更少。接下来我用笔刷开始描绘迷彩的轮廓。（还记得之前铅笔画的轮廓么，按那个走就行啦。）
I mixed the first tone from acrylics thenadded some water thinning the paint to the consistency of milk. Thinning thepaints will result in a smoother finish with less brush strokes evident. Itraced the outlines of the camouflage pattern using a new brush.
△ Photo 5-6 图片5-6
涂完轮廓后，我开始把这个迷彩区域填充起来。通常要薄涂个五、六层才能在绿色的底色上获得良好的色彩效果。我们笔涂的时候通常从浅色调开始，然后涂深色调。在这个例子中，实车是深绿色底色，所以我在顶部车体，上部装甲结构，底盘和车轮上都喷涂了绿色。选择了这种涂装意味着我需要在较深色的绿色上涂更多的沙色来遮盖深绿色底色。（译者注：因为绿色比沙色要深，用浅色遮盖深色需要涂更多层才能完全遮盖。）
After tracing the pattern I painted thefirst coat of the tan areas making up the camouflage. Five to six of thethinned coats of the lighter sand colour were needed to get a good opaque toneover the darker green. When brush painting it is usually best to start with thelighter tones then move onto the darks. In the case of this replica, the actualvehicle contained a dark green basecoat. I opted to airbrush the green tonefirst finishing the upper hull, superstructure, chassis and wheels all at thesame time. Choosing to paint the model in this manner resulted in me needing toapply more layers of sand over the darker green.
△ Photo 7-8 图片7-8
接下来开始涂棕色了，依次是黑色。在手涂迷彩时，您先得把每种颜色的漆调好，装在调色皿或者油漆瓶中，这样如果出现对图案不满意或者出错需要修改的时候，你可以快速的用相应的颜色完成。（译者注：手涂的时候修修补补肯定是免不了的，大师都是这样，所以各位手涂党，你们的耐心我跪了！）我还会用纸上切割出模板的方式来喷涂车上的标识。最后，我会对整个模型喷涂一层保护漆。
I moved onto the brown colour and finishedwith the black. When painting a camouflage in this manner always first mixplenty of each tone keeping them sealed in jars. Having each of the colorsavailable will allow you to quickly paint back over areas where you mademistakes or are unhappy with the pattern. Once I went back and touched up a fewareas I airbrushed the markings using stencils cut from paper. After Iairbrushed a few coats of satin varnish over the entire model.
△ Photo 9-11 图片9-11
还是这个例子，最好完成参考图片中可以看到的所有迷彩图案。完成可见部分之后，我就更容易推倒出另外一侧的图案看起来应该是个什么样子。大家看到另外一辆虎王上的迷彩也是笔涂出来的。我看到过很多这种阿登战役中著名的虎王伏击迷彩照片，但令人沮丧的是，我无法找到更多有关上车体和炮塔顶部图案的图像资料。所以一旦我完成了可参考图片中的每一个面之后，我就可以设计出相对准确的上车体和炮塔顶部的图案。在做这个虎王时，我先用了浅沙黄色调作为底色开始，而不是用深绿色或红棕色。根据我们要制作的对象，往往从浅色调开始会比较好一些。在下一期中，我们将讨论运用CM技法（色调调节）涂装底色和迷彩。
It is best to finish all of the sides thatyou can distinguish in your reference photos first. After completing thevisible parts it was easier for me to imagine what the patterns on the sidesout of view might have looked like. The camouflage on the Tiger II was alsopainted by brush. I have seen many photos of this factory applied ambushcamouflage pattern from all sides of these famous Tigers seen during theArdennes offensive. To my dismay I was unable to find many images clearlyshowing the pattern on the upper hull and turret. Once I finished applying thecamouflage onto each side referencing the photos, I was then able to designwhat might have been a fairly accurate pattern onto the tops of the hull andturret. In the case of the Tiger II I started with the light sand yellow tonethan finished with the darker green and red-brown colors. Again it is usuallybetter to start with the lighter tones depending on the subject. In the nextpart we will continue with base coat and camouflage application with the ColourModulation Style.
（本期完，敬请期待第三期）
文 / Adam Wilder
译 / facewest
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