英语语法:时态学习(四):现在完成时用法与一般过去时用法区别

英语语法:时态学习(四):现在完成时用法与一般过去时用法区别

1. 动词形式

英语语法:时态学习(四):现在完成时用法与一般过去时用法区别

2. 现在完成时用法。

英语语法:时态学习(四):现在完成时用法与一般过去时用法区别

(1)、现在完成进-表示说话前某一时刻发生动作的结果对现在的影响。比如:

They have already sent him a Christmas card.

他们已经给他寄去了圣诞卡。

(影响是他可能不久就可以收到贺卡了。)

he has lost her pencil box.

他遗失了铅笔盒。

(影响是她现在没有铅盒。)

We have just bought a new car.

我们刚买了一辆车

(影响是他们有新车开了。)

表示不确定的过去时间状语,如already,just, yet常用于现在完成时。

(2)表示从过去某一时间持续到说话时为止的动作或者状态,常与"for+一段时间"或者"since+某时间"的时间状语连用。比如:

They have learned English for about three years.

他们学英语大约三年了。

(for+about three years一段时间)

We have stayed in this hotel since last Monday.

自上星期一以来,我们一直住在这家旅馆。

(since+last Monday某时间)

She has lived here since 1988.

自从1978年以来,她一直住在这儿。

(since+1988某时间,动作起始于1988年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)

He has been in the army for five years.

他在部队五年了。

(for+ four years一段时间,动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由 since或 for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now, so far)等。 比如:

I have heard nothing from him up to now.

到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

(3)表示从过去某一时间到说话时这一过程中动作发生次数的总和,常同频度副词always,often, seldom, never等连用。比如:

They have built many houses in the city in the past three years.

在过去三年中他们在这个城市里造了房子。

We have read about twenty pages this morning.

今天上午我们已经读了近20页。

We have done it a lot of work since we came here.

自从我们到这儿以来,我们做了大量工作。

You have seen movie twice.

你已经看过这部电影两次了。

My sister has taken English test three times.

我姐姐已经参加英语考试三次了。

He has been to the Great Wall twice.

他曾经去过长城两次。

He has done a lot of work in the past two years.

在过去两年中他做了许多工作。

I have learned about two hundred English words this morning. 本月我学了大约200个英语单词。

It has rained every day this week.

这个星期天天下雨。

She has always walked to school.

她一直步行去学校。

I have never seen such a beautiful bird.

我从没见过这么美丽的鸟。

I have often met the old man on my way to work.

我在上班的路上常常遇见那位老人。

英语语法:时态学习(四):现在完成时用法与一般过去时用法区别

(4)表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。比如:

I have always walked to work.

我一直步行上班。

She has always walked

to school.

她一直步行去学校。

He has often come to see the old woman.

他常来看这位老太太。

I have often met the old man on my way to work.

我在上班的路上常常遇见那位老人。

(5)在时间状语从句中谓语动词用现在完成时代替将来完成时。比如:

Mother won't let her watch TV until she has done her homework.

母亲要到她做完作业才让她看电视。

The dinner party will begin after all the guests have arrived.

所有的客人到了以后,宴会将开始。

3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

(1)现在完成时强调过去发生的动作的结果和对目前的影响,而一般过去时强调动作发生的时间、地点、方式等,与现在没有联系。比如:

I have just had breakfast.

我刚吃过早饭。

I had breakfast a moment ago.

我是刚才吃的早饭。

The bell for class has already rung.

上课铃已经响过了。

The bell for class rang three minutes ago.

上课铃是三分钟前响起的。

I've finished my homework.

我已经完成作业。

I finished my homework in the classroom after school.

我放学后在里完成了作业。

We have been here for a month. We have learned a lot from them.

我们在这儿已一个月了。我们从他们身上学到很多东西。

We've just come back from the farm. We learned a lot there.

我们刚从农场回来。我们在那儿学到很多东西。

(2) 现在完成时表示的持续状态强调持续到说话时为止,与现在有联系,而一般过去时表示的持续状态强调过去某段时间的经历,与现在没有联系。

比如:

The Greens have stayed in China for three years.

格林一家已经在中国待了三年。

The Greens stayed in China for three years during the war.

战争期间格林一家在中国待过三年。

I have learned computer science for some time.

我已经学了一段时间电脑。

I learned computer science for some time while in middle school.

在中学我曾学过一段时间电脑。

We hadn't seen each other for two years.

我们有二年没见了。

We saw each other for two years in high school.

在高中我们曾有二年没见过面。

英语语法:时态学习(四):现在完成时用法与一般过去时用法区别

(3)、根据上面的分析,区别现在完成时和一般过去时的关键是看句中谓语动词表示的动作或者状态是否与现在有联系。现在完成进常与包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如this summer, this month, today, in the past few years等。比如:

We have had much rain this summer.

今年夏天雨水很多。

(说话时还在夏天)

I have seen many films this month.

这个月我看了许多电影。

She has got many telephone calls today.

今天她接到许多电话。

比较句子:

I have done many exercises this morning.

上午我已经做了许多练习。

(说话时还在上午,表示练习已经做完了)

I did many exercises this morning.

今天上午我做了许多练习。

(说话时在下午或者晚上,表示已经做了,但不一定做完。)

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