賓語從句總結及例題

賓語從句總結及例題

在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。學習賓語從句要抓住三要素:引導詞、語序和時態。

一、.引導詞;

1.從句為陳述句,常選擇引導詞that,that引導賓語從句無意義,不充當句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.

2.從句為一般疑問句,常選擇引導詞if或whether,表示“是否”。在 whether … or not 結構中不能用 if 替換。例句:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

3. 從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代詞、副詞作引導詞。 例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

二、判斷時態情況:

1.主句是一般現在時,從句可以為各種時態。   

2.主句是一般過去時,從句要用相應過去時態。

注意:從句描繪客觀事實、真理、自然現象等,從句時態不受主句時態限制,仍用一般現在時。

例句:He answered that he was listening to me.

Father told me that practice makes perfect .

三、賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序

陳述句語序,就是主語在前,謂語動詞在後。  

錯誤: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.  

正確: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.

注意:賓語從句的否定轉移

主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,並且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.  例如; I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party.

常見考法

對於賓語從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學生靈活運用的能力。一般情況下,常從引導詞的選擇、時態的一致性及從句的陳述語序方面考查。

典型例題:Please tell me ______ last year.

A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work

C .where your sister works D where your sister worked

解析:本題考查對賓語從句的掌握。賓語從句要用陳述語序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示過去時 ,所以排除 C 。

答案:D

誤區提醒

賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序 ,但要注意當疑問詞為主語時,句式為:疑問詞+謂語+其他 ,問句和陳述句語序一樣。

典型例題:I didn't know ?

A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her

C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her

解析:主句是一般過去時,從句要用相應過去時態,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主語,所以問句本身又是陳述句語序,不用變化。

答案: B


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