英語語法:“主+系+表”句型結構分析

基本句型S+ V系+ P(主+系+表)句型中,有一個共同的特點:句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思,必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成複合謂語,才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連繫動詞。

可以做表語的成分有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,動詞不定式,動名詞,過去分詞,現在分詞,表語從句.

系動詞主要是起到連繫主語和表語的作用。有以下幾類:

1. 表“是” 如:be“是”(am, is, are, was, were)

2.表“感覺” 如:look看起來feel感到,sound聽起來,smell聞起來,seem似乎

3. 表“變” 如:get變得, turn變得, grow變得,go變得, come變得, become成為

4. 表“保持” 如:keep保持, stay保持

英語語法:“主+系+表”句型結構分析

I am a student.

My hobby is reading. 我的愛好是讀書。

He became strong.

She remained there.

The story seemed interesting.(這個故事看起來很有趣。)

The window seemed broken.(窗口似乎打破了。)

His job is teaching English.(他的工作是教英語。)

Her plan is to become the winner in the game.(她的計劃是成為遊戲的贏家。

The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow.(問題是他是否會在明天來這裡的時候。)

The question is what he is going to do next.(問題是他接下來要做什麼。)

The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself.(問題是他是如何設法自己解決問題。)

常用連繫動詞的用法:

①變成,變得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn

口訣:好是come,壞是go; 天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢緩緩run;

顏色、天氣大不同turn;get / become口語化,如果要說就用它.

②保持某種狀態:continue, keep, lie, remain, stand , stay.

③看起來,好像:appear, look, seem.

④感官動詞:feel, smell, sound, taste.

注意:

1.There be 結構:

There be 表示‘存在有’。這裡的there沒有實際意義,不可與副詞“there那裡”混淆。此結構後跟名詞,表示“(存在)有某事物”。

試比較:

There is a boy there.(那兒有一個男孩。)

前一個there無實義,後一個there為副詞‘那裡’。

英語語法:“主+系+表”句型結構分析

2. 注意:

有一些動詞既可以做連繫動詞又可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞。

He is growing very fast. ---不及物動詞

I am growing apples in my backyard.---及物動詞

The sea is growing rough.---連繫動詞

He is tasting the food.--- 及物動詞

The food tastes good.--- 連繫動詞

3. 常見的be + adj. + with “主+系+表”搭配有:

be acquainted with與……相識

be angry with(sb.)對(某人)發怒

be busy with 忙於 be combined with與……結合

be content with 對……滿意 be covered with 被……覆蓋

be crowded with 充滿 be familiar with 對……熟悉

be filled with 充滿 be patient with 對……有耐心

be pleased with對……感到滿意 be popular with 受……的歡迎

be satisfied with對……滿意 be sick with 患……病

be strict with(sb.)對(某人)要求嚴格

be tired with 因……而感到疲勞

be concerned with 關心;涉及


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