1、作定語。作定語的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。如果被修飾的詞是something，anything，everything，nothing等，則分詞放在這些詞之後。分詞短語通常放在被修飾的名詞之後。
例如：
This is an interesting book. (=This is a book. It is interesting. )這是一本有趣的書。
There is something interesting in the news. (=There is something in the news. It is interesting.)消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher. (=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher.)靠窗戶坐著的那個人是我們的數學老師。
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai. (=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.)那位老工人開的機器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls. (=Most of the students who were singing…) 唱歌的學生多數是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer. (=Many of the villagers who were questioned…) 被問的許多村裡人都拒絕。
注意：(1)分詞作定語與動名詞作定語的區別：分詞和它所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主、謂關係。動名詞則沒有這種關係，而表示它所修飾的詞的用途或有關動作。(2)現在分詞作定語時，它表示動作正在進行或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生(或差不多同時發生)。(3)be的現在分詞being不能用作定語(可用作狀語或被動語態中的助動詞)。表示這種概念時，也用主從複合句結構。
2、作狀語。分詞和分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時間和原因的分詞短語相當於對應的狀語從句。
例如：
Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. (=When the students saw the teacher entering the room. They stood up.)學生們看見老師走進房間，都站了起來。 (時間)
Heated，the Metal expands. (=The metal expands if /when it is heated.)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時間)
Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.)我興奮得睡不著覺。(原因)
Being a student, he was interested in sports. (=As he was a student, he was interested in sports.)他是個學生，所以對體育運動感興趣。(原因)
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder. (=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞，決定更加努力學習物理。 (原因)
The children went away laughing. (=The children went away.They laughed as they went.) 孩子們笑著走開了。(行為方式)
The professor stood there, surrounded by many students. (=The professor stood there. He was surrounded by many students.) 教授站在那裡，許多學生圍著他。(行為方式)
While reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time. (=While he was reading the newspaper, father nodded from time to time.) 看報時，父親不時地點頭。(時間)(分詞前，可加表示時間的連詞while或when。)
3、作賓語補足語。
例如：
Can you get the machine going again? 你能使機器再動起來嗎?
You should have your hair cut. 你該理髮了。
I saw him coming last night. 我昨天晚上看見他來了。
4、作表語。
例如：
The film is very moving. 這部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done. 你的作業做得好。
The visitors looked surprised. 參觀者看上去很驚訝。
The boys were seen walking on the grass. 有人看見孩子們在草地上散步。
5、作句子獨立成分(分詞有自己的邏輯主語時，稱為獨立主格結構) 。
例如：
Flags flying, the army men marched in the streets. 旗幟飄揚，軍隊在街上行進。
All his ribs broken, he lay half dead. 他的肋骨全部折斷，半死不活地躺著。
分詞(短語)作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨立主格結構來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子與莎莉談了很長時間，解釋她為什麼不想讓孩子們在一起玩。(現在分詞explaining是句子主語my wife做的動作，它們之間是主動關係)
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。(過去分詞given表示的動作是句子主語the trees承受的動作，它們之間是被動關係)
We explored the caves, Peter acting as guide. 我們到那山洞探險，彼得做嚮導。 (獨立主格)
The train having gone, we had to wait another day. 分詞短語做狀語時，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用並列連詞(如but，and)，因為並列連詞接的是兩個並列成分，
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