今天微博熱搜榜上突然出現了這樣一些奇怪的字眼：
我只想問，這話題誰頂上去的???
還好還好，看來我是個假90後，假程序猿！
所以，我們今天就來聊聊脫（tū）發（tóu）那些事兒。
首先是，脫髮怎麼說？
Pattern hair loss, known as male-pattern hair loss (MPHL) when it affects males and female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) when it affects females, is hair loss that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp. In males, the hair loss often presents as a receding hairline, while in females, it typically presents as a thinning
of the hair.脫髮和禿頭
脫髮、頭髮少了就是hair loss，通常會用男性型脫髮（male-pattern hair loss）或者女性型脫髮（female-pattern hair loss）來表達。
禿頭呢，常見的一個形容詞bald，表示“禿頂的”，英文解釋為：Someone who is bald has little or no hair on the top of their head. 名詞形式為：baldness.
bald還可以指“直白的，不加修飾的”，英文解釋為“A bald statement is in plain language and contains no extra explanation or information.”如：bald statement/facts/truth 不加修飾、直話直說的聲明/事實/道理。
alopecia也表示“禿頭”：
· alopecia /ˌæləˈpiːʃɪə/，名詞，“毛髮脫落；變禿；脫髮”，英文解釋為“loss of hair, especially from the head, that either happens naturally or is caused by disease”。
· 小作業：你還知道別的詞嗎？
scalp
表示“頭皮”，英文解釋為“the skin on the top of your head”，舉個：
He smoothed his hair back over his scalp.
他把頭髮順著頭皮往後捋平。
後退的髮際線怎麼說
receding hairline，英文解釋為：If a man has a receding hairline, he is losing the hair from the front of his head. （男人）逐漸禿頂，漸退的髮際線。
其中receding的動詞原形recede，可以表示“謝頂，（頭髮）從前額往後脫落”，英文解釋為“If your hair recedes, you gradually lose the hair at the front of your head”，舉個：
He was in his mid-forties, with a receding hairline.
他四十五六歲，髮際線已開始往後移了。
recede還可以表示“（記憶）逐漸模糊；（感情）逐漸淡漠；（可能性）逐漸消失”（if a memory, feeling, or possibility recedes, it gradually goes away），舉個：
The pain in his head gradually receded.
他的頭痛逐漸緩解。
此外，還有“（景物、聲音）逐漸遠去（直至消失）”（if something you can see or hear recedes, it gets further and further away until it disappears）等意思 ，舉個：
His footsteps receded into the night.
他的腳步聲漸漸消失在夜色中。
那麼，禿頭會有什麼問題呢？
我們來看看「紐約時報」2013年的一篇題為「Baldness as a Signal of Heart Disease Risk」的文章，裡面提到了潛在問題之一，男性謝頂可能預示心臟病風險。
Baldness may indicate an increased risk for coronary heart disease
.謝頂可能預示著患冠心病的風險增加。
coronary heart disease
表示“冠心病”，英文解釋為“any heart disorder caused by disease of the coronary arteries”；其中，coronary表示“冠狀動脈的；心臟的，與心臟有關的”（relating to the heart）。
The risk is associated only with
male pattern baldness, the kind that starts at the top or back of the head, and not with a receding hairline, according to researchers who reviewed six studies that included 37,000 participants.研究者回顧了六項包含3.7萬參與者的研究後總結：這種風險只限於男性類型的謝頂——從頭頂或後腦開始，而非從後退的髮際線開始。
The analysis, published online in BMJ Open, found that baldness increased the risk for heart disease by between 30 and 40 percent compared with men with a full head of hair. They found the association among men 55 to 60 as well as among older men, and the more severe the baldness, the greater the risk.
發表於《英國醫學雜誌》在線版(BMJ Open)的此項分析顯示：謝頂的男性比頭髮濃密的男性患心臟病的危險高30-40%。這種聯繫見於55-60歲及更高齡的男性中。而且，謝頂越嚴重，可能性越大。
The reason for the association is unclear, but the authors suggest that known risk factors for heart disease — hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking and others — may affect both conditions, and that baldness may be a marker of atherosclerosis. In previous studies, baldness has been linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure.
原因尚未清楚。但文章作者提出，已知的心臟病的風險因素，如高血壓、高膽固醇 和吸菸等，可能對謝頂也有影響。另外謝頂還可能是動脈粥樣硬化的標誌。以前有研究證明謝頂與患前列腺癌、糖尿病及高血壓風險增加相關。
醫學相關詞彙
· hypertension：a medical condition in which your blood pressure is too high 高血壓，後面用了high blood pressure；
· cholesterol /kə'lɛstərɔl/ a chemical substance found in your blood. Too much cholesterol in your body may cause heart disease 膽固醇；
· atherosclerosis /ˌæθərəʊsklɪəˈrəʊsɪs/ a degenerative disease of the arteries characterized by patchy thickening of the inner lining of the arterial walls, caused by deposits of fatty material; a form of arteriosclerosis 動脈粥樣硬化；
· prostate：The prostate or the prostate gland is an organ in the body of male mammals situated at the neck of the bladder that produces a liquid which forms part of semen 前列腺；
· Diabetes：Diabetes is a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in their blood 糖尿病。
“It may be premature to confirm this relationship on the basis of only six studies,” said a co-author, Dr. Kazuo Hara, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Tokyo. “But the ultimate aim is to be able to predict the risk for heart disease more precisely in clinical practice.”
“僅僅基於六項研究就在謝頂與心臟病之間確立聯繫也許為時過早，”東京大學(University of Toyko)醫學院副教授原一雄(Kazuo Hara)說：“不過，最終目的是要在臨床上更準確地預測患心臟病的可能性。”
當然，禿頭也是有“好處”的， 「華爾街日報(The Wall Street Journal)」在2012年的一篇報道中就介紹了“禿頭男士的職場優勢”（Study Shows Baldness Can Be a Business Advantage）。
Up for a promotion? If you're a man, you might want to get out the clippers.
想要升職嗎？如果你是位男士，也許你得拿出理髮的剪子了。
Men with shaved heads are perceived to be more masculine, dominant and, in some cases, to have greater leadership potential than those with longer locks or with thinning hair, according to a recent study out of the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School.
根據賓夕法尼亞大學沃頓商學院（University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School）最近的一項研究，人們認為光頭或寸頭男人更有男人味、更有影響力，在某些情況下比頭髮較長或頭髮稀疏的男人更具領導潛質。
shave
shave可以作動詞也可以作名詞，表示“剃去毛髮；刮鬍子”，英文解釋為“to remove hair from the body, especially a man's face, by cutting it close to the skin with a razor, so that the skin feels smooth”，舉個：
He took a bath and shaved before dinner.
他在晚餐前洗了澡並颳了臉。
masculine
表示“屬於男性的；男人做的；男子氣概的”，英文解釋為“having qualities considered to be typical of men or of what men do”，舉個：
She has a very masculine voice. 她的嗓音非常男性化。
反義詞：feminine 女性的，女人味的
locks
lock 熟詞僻義，此處為名詞表示“一綹，一股，一縷”，英文解釋為“A lock of hair is a small bunch of hairs on your head that grow together and curl or curve in the same direction”，舉個：
There is a lock of Napoleon's hair in the display cabinet.
在展櫃中有一縷拿破崙的捲髮。
複數形式：locks即表示“頭髮”（the hair on someone's head），如：curly locks 捲髮，long flowing locks 飄逸的長髮，flowing golden locks 飄逸的金髮。
對“髮量”表達的積累：
· with shaved heads
· with longer locks
· with thinning hair
That may explain why the power-buzz look has caught on among business leaders in recent years. Venture capitalist and Netscape founder Marc Andreessen, 41 years old, DreamWorks Animation SKG Chief Executive Jeffrey Katzenberg, 61, and Amazon.com Inc. CEO Jeffrey Bezos, 48, all sport some variant of the close-cropped look.
這也許可以解釋為什麼這一展示力量的形象近年來在商界領袖中流行起來。41歲的風險投資人、網景公司（Netscape）創始人馬克·安德森（Marc Andreessen）、61歲的夢工場動畫公司（DreamWorks Animation SKG）行政總裁傑弗瑞·卡森伯格（Jeffrey Katzenberg）和48歲的亞馬遜公司（Amazon.com Inc.）CEO傑弗裡·貝索斯（Jeffrey Bezos）留的都是不同式樣的光頭或寸頭。
sport
熟詞僻義，此處作為動詞表示“穿戴；裝點”，英文解釋為“to wear or be decorated with something”，舉個：
Back in the 1960s he sported platform heels and hair down past his shoulders.
20世紀60年代，他那時穿喇叭褲、厚底鞋，蓄著披肩長髮。
close-cropped
表示“（草或頭髮）剪得很短的”，英文解釋為“close-cropped grass or hair is cut very short”。
這項研究發現，頭髮稀疏的男人被認為是最沒有魅力、力量最小的群體，這一發現與其它研究的成果不謀而合。其它那些研究表明，人們認為患有典型男性脫髮的男人──大約3,500萬美國人受其困擾──更顯老氣，更缺魅力。對那些人來說，解決問題的辦法便宜又簡單，一把剃刀足矣。
The study found that men with thinning hair were viewed as the least attractive and powerful of the bunch, a finding that tracks with other studies showing that people perceive men with typical male-pattern baldness—which affects roughly 35 million Americans—as older and less attractive. For those men, the solution could be as cheap and simple as a shave.
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2015年2月8日
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