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代詞one, it that的用法在歷屆高考題中出現的頻率較高，是高考的熱點之一。結合自己的教學實踐在此談談它們的一些具體用法，希望能對同學們有一定的幫助。
1.one, it, that常常用來代替或避免重複某個名詞。
例如：
①I'm looking for a flat. I'd really like one with a garden.
②-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.
③The population of China is larger than that of any other country.
2.one可指人或物，只替代單數可數名詞，複數用ones. One是泛指，但有限定修飾語，如the, this, that…修飾就變成了特指。
如：
①One must do one's duty.
②Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.
③The new designs are much better than the old ones.
3.that只指物，不指人，可替代可數名詞或不可數名詞，具有“特指”性質。指的是同類事物中的另一樣東西，即同類異物。
如：
The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.
(that代替的是另一個圖書館。)
4．One 和that 在代替可數名詞時，如果沒有前置定語只有後置定語時， the one 和that可互換。但該名詞如有前置定語，則只能用the one,而不能用that。
例如：
①I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.
我就坐窗口的那個座位旁邊。
②I prefer the large box to the small one.
(one 不可用that替換 )。
5．That的複數形式those代替可數名詞的複數。可指人或物，一般後面跟修飾語。
如：
①Today's cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.
②The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.
6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，其關係代詞which在that之後，which不能省略，而在the one、ones 之後,which可省略。
如：
①Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.
7.代替不可數名詞時，應該用that。
如：
The equipment is different from that.
8..it代替上文所提到的名詞時，是指同類事物中的同一樣東西，即同類事物。
如：
I have lost my pen. I'm looking for it.
9.it和that可代替前面整個句子的意思，而one卻不能；that可引導一個限定性定語從句，代替某個先行詞（單複數名詞均可），it和one則不能；it可代替不定式、動名詞或從句，用作形式主語或形式賓語，也可用於強調句型中，而one和that則不能。
如：
①-I will make bed for you.
–It is very kind of you.
②Jim said he had read my novel.But that was not possible.
③A clock is an instrument that tells time.
④The students that surf the Internet will be punished by the teacher.
⑤It is nice to see you again.
⑥It is no use calling her up.
⑦I found it impossible for me to pass the test.
⑧It was I who broke your window.
(鞏固練習)
1．-You are learning typing.The computer is very useful.
-I hope to have a computer,but I can't afford to buy .
A.one
B.it
C.that
D.this
2.This computer is so expensive that I cannot afford to buy .Can you bring the price down a little.
A.one
B.that
C.it
D.this
3.-I'd like a book on English reading.-Is the book you are looking for?
A.one
B.that
C.the one
D.which
4.-His car runs much faster than my car.
-That is because the engine in his car works far better than .
A.your one
B.yours
C.that of yours
D.your car's
5.My shoes are the same as you had on the day before yesterday.
A.one
B.ones
C.that
D.the ones
6I was disappointed with the film, I had expected to be much better.
A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it
7.Mr Li gave the textbooks to all the pupils except who had already taken them.
A.these
B.ones
C.the ones
D.the others
8.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have .
A.it
B.those
C.them
D.one
9．I hate when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it
B.that
C.these
D.them
10.-Why don't we take a little break?--Didn't we just have ?
A.it
B.that
C.one
D.this
參
考
答
案
1-5
ACCCD
6-10
DCDAC
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