英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。如果將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，這稱之為完全倒裝。如果只將助動詞或情態動詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的後面，這稱之為部分倒裝。
下面為大家總結一下倒裝的幾種常見的類型：
疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝
Are you cold?
Does he go to school by bike?
注意：若疑問詞在句中作主語或主語的定語時，不倒裝。
Who is your English teacher?
Whose father is a worker?
There be 句型
在There+助動詞/情態動詞+be+主語+地點/時間的句型中，主語在謂語be動詞後面，因此這是倒裝。
There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk.
桌上有一個手機和一些書。
There are thousands of people gathering on the square.
廣場上聚集著成千上萬的人
注意 ：引導詞there 還可以接appear,exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等詞。
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
村裡住著一位老漁夫。
There stand two white houses by the river.
河濱矗立著兩座白房子。
There existed some doubt among the students.
學生中有些懷疑。
直接引語在句首
“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the poor girl.
“Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.
虛擬條件句的倒裝
當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were, should等時，如將if省略，則要將had, were, should等移到主語前，構成倒裝句：
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
若你昨天來，你就會見到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring.
如果需要什麼，可以給我打電話。
Were it not for your help, I would still behomeless.
要不是你幫助，我會仍然無家可歸。
注意：省略if後提前的had不一定是助動詞
Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有錢，我就會買它。
全部倒裝
全部倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。
1） here, there, now,then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be,come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態的動詞。
例如：
Then came the chairman. 那時總裁來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2）表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，以out, in, up, down, off, away等副詞開頭，謂語動詞是表示“移動”的go, come, leave等句子裡。
例如：
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個老嫗。
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。
注意:在完全倒裝的結構裡,如果主語是人稱代詞,則用正常語序。
3）表示地點的介詞詞組位於句首，謂語動詞是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
South of the lake lies a big supermarket.
湖泊的南邊是一個大超市。
20 miles east of our school lies a modernswimming pool.
我們學校向東20英里有一個現代化的游泳池。
4) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。
部分倒裝
1.句首為否定或半否定的副詞或連詞。
如no, not,never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, at no time決不, by no means, on no account, inno case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, notuntil… 等。
例如：
He cares little about his clothes.
= Little does he care about his clothes.
他不在乎穿著。
I have never seen him before.
= Never have I seen him before.
= Never before have I seen him.
我以前沒見過他。
閱讀更多 北京學海教育 的文章
