首先列出我的核心思路：
1，图像由“核心变量”完全控制，图像变化的本质是 变量的改变
2，自上而下式的思考，图像变化的问题将一步步转为 一系列具体的变量修改
3，“核心变量”在思考过程中并非不可变更，为了写函数方便，可以适当让步。
俄罗斯方块游戏是世界上最流行的游戏之一。是由一名叫Alexey Pajitnov的俄罗斯程序员在1985年制作的，从那时起，这个游戏就风靡了各个游戏平台。
俄罗斯方块归类为下落块迷宫游戏。游戏有7个基本形状：S、Z、T、L、反向L、直线、方块，每个形状都由4个方块组成，方块最终都会落到屏幕底部。所以玩家通过控制形状的左右位置和旋转，让每个形状都以合适的位置落下，如果有一行全部被方块填充，这行就会消失，并且得分。游戏结束的条件是有形状接触到了屏幕顶部。
001#!/usr/bin/python
002 # tetris.py
003 import sys
004 import random
005 from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
006 class Tetris(QtGui.QMainWindow):
007 def __init__(self):
008 QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
009 self.setGeometry(300, 300, 180, 380)
010 self.setWindowTitle('Tetris')
011 self.tetrisboard = Board(self)
012 self.setCentralWidget(self.tetrisboard)
013 self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
014 self.connect(self.tetrisboard, QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),
015 self.statusbar, QtCore.SLOT("showMessage(QString)"))
016 self.tetrisboard.start()
017 self.center()
018 def center(self):
019 screen = QtGui.QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
020 size = self.geometry()
021 self.move((screen.width()-size.width())/2,
022 (screen.height()-size.height())/2)
023 class Board(QtGui.QFrame):
024 BoardWidth = 10
025 BoardHeight = 22
026 Speed = 300
027 def __init__(self, parent):
028 QtGui.QFrame.__init__(self, parent)
029 self.timer = QtCore.QBasicTimer()
030 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
031 self.curPiece = Shape()
032 self.nextPiece = Shape()
033 self.curX = 0
034 self.curY = 0
035 self.numLinesRemoved = 0
036 self.board = []
037 self.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus)
038 self.isStarted = False
039 self.isPaused = False
040 self.clearBoard()
041 self.nextPiece.setRandomShape()
042 def shapeAt(self, x, y):
043 return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]
044 def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):
045 self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape
046 def squareWidth(self):
047 return self.contentsRect().width() / Board.BoardWidth
048 def squareHeight(self):
049 return self.contentsRect().height() / Board.BoardHeight
050 def start(self):
051 if self.isPaused:
052 return
053 self.isStarted = True
054 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
055 self.numLinesRemoved = 0
056 self.clearBoard()
057 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),
058 str(self.numLinesRemoved))
059 self.newPiece()
060 self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
061 def pause(self):
062 if not self.isStarted:
063 return
064 self.isPaused = not self.isPaused
065 if self.isPaused:
066 self.timer.stop()
067 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"), "paused")
068 else:
069 self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)
070 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),
071 str(self.numLinesRemoved))
072 self.update()
073 def paintEvent(self, event):
074 painter = QtGui.QPainter(self)
075 rect = self.contentsRect()
076 boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()
077 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
078 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
079 shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)
080 if shape != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
081 self.drawSquare(painter,
082 rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),
083 boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)
084 if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
085 for i in range(4):
086 x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
087 y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
088 self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),
089 boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),
090 self.curPiece.shape())
091 def keyPressEvent(self, event):
092 if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoes.NoShape:
093 QtGui.QWidget.keyPressEvent(self, event)
094 return
095 key = event.key()
096 if key == QtCore.Qt.Key_P:
097 self.pause()
098 return
099 if self.isPaused:
100 return
101 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Left:
102 self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)
103 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Right:
104 self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)
105 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Down:
106 self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedRight(), self.curX, self.curY)
107 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Up:
108 self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)
109 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Space:
110 self.dropDown()
111 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_D:
112 self.oneLineDown()
113 else:
114 QtGui.QWidget.keyPressEvent(self, event)
115 def timerEvent(self, event):
116 if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():
117 if self.isWaitingAfterLine:
118 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False
119 self.newPiece()
120 else:
121 self.oneLineDown()
122 else:
123 QtGui.QFrame.timerEvent(self, event)
124 def clearBoard(self):
125 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):
126 self.board.append(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
127 def dropDown(self):
128 newY = self.curY
129 while newY > 0:
130 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):
131 break
132 newY -= 1
133 self.pieceDropped()
134 def oneLineDown(self):
135 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):
136 self.pieceDropped()
137 def pieceDropped(self):
138 for i in range(4):
139 x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)
140 y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)
141 self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())
142 self.removeFullLines()
143 if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:
144 self.newPiece()
145 def removeFullLines(self):
146 numFullLines = 0
147 rowsToRemove = []
148 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):
149 n = 0
150 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):
151 if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoes.NoShape:
152 n = n + 1
153 if n == 10:
154 rowsToRemove.append(i)
155 rowsToRemove.reverse()
156 for m in rowsToRemove:
157 for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):
158 for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):
159 self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))
160 numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)
161 if numFullLines > 0:
162 self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines
163 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),
164 str(self.numLinesRemoved))
165 self.isWaitingAfterLine = True
166 self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
167 self.update()
168 def newPiece(self):
169 self.curPiece = self.nextPiece
170 self.nextPiece.setRandomShape()
171 self.curX = Board.BoardWidth / 2 + 1
172 self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()
173 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):
174 self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
175 self.timer.stop()
176 self.isStarted = False
177 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"), "Game over")
178 def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):
179 for i in range(4):
180 x = newX + newPiece.x(i)
181 y = newY - newPiece.y(i)
182 if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:
183 return False
184 if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoes.NoShape:
185 return False
186 self.curPiece = newPiece
187 self.curX = newX
188 self.curY = newY
189 self.update()
190 return True
191 def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):
192 colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,
193 0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]
194 color = QtGui.QColor(colorTable[shape])
195 painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,
196 self.squareHeight() - 2, color)
197 painter.setPen(color.light())
198 painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)
199 painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)
200 painter.setPen(color.dark())
201 painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,
202 x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)
203 painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,
204 y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)
205 class Tetrominoes(object):
206 NoShape = 0
207 ZShape = 1
208 SShape = 2
209 LineShape = 3
210 TShape = 4
211 SquareShape = 5
212 LShape = 6
213 MirroredLShape = 7
214 class Shape(object):
215 coordsTable = (
216 ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),
217 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),
218 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),
219 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),
220 ((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),
221 ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),
222 ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),
223 ((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))
224 )
225 def __init__(self):
226 self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]
227 self.pieceShape = Tetrominoes.NoShape
228 self.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)
229 def shape(self):
230 return self.pieceShape
231 def setShape(self, shape):
232 table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]
233 for i in range(4):
234 for j in range(2):
235 self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]
236 self.pieceShape = shape
237 def setRandomShape(self):
238 self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))
239 def x(self, index):
240 return self.coords[index][0]
241 def y(self, index):
242 return self.coords[index][1]
243 def setX(self, index, x):
244 self.coords[index][0] = x
245 def setY(self, index, y):
246 self.coords[index][1] = y
247 def minX(self):
248 m = self.coords[0][0]
249 for i in range(4):
250 m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])
251 return m
252 def maxX(self):
253 m = self.coords[0][0]
254 for i in range(4):
255 m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])
256 return m
257 def minY(self):
258 m = self.coords[0][1]
259 for i in range(4):
260 m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])
261 return m
262 def maxY(self):
263 m = self.coords[0][1]
264 for i in range(4):
265 m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])
266 return m
267 def rotatedLeft(self):
268 if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape:
269 return self
270 result = Shape()
271 result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
272 for i in range(4):
273 result.setX(i, self.y(i))
274 result.setY(i, -self.x(i))
275 return result
276 def rotatedRight(self):
277 if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape:
278 return self
279 result = Shape()
280 result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape
281 for i in range(4):
282 result.setX(i, -self.y(i))
283 result.setY(i, self.x(i))
284 return result
285 app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
286 tetris = Tetris()
287 tetris.show()
288 sys.exit(app.exec_())
256至258行将设所有移动为False（这将使之后的编程认为玩家松开了所有按下的方向键）。做这段代码是因为我们不想让玩家在按下Space键使第一块积木直达底部的同时，仍然按着的方向键影响到第二块积木的移动。
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