初中英語作文八大語法錯誤

一、主謂關係中人稱和數量不一致性

漢語的動詞不受主語的人稱和數量的影響,但英語的謂語動詞要和主語保持一致,謂語動詞要隨著主語變化而變化。而學生受漢語思維的影響,往往沒有習慣去考慮主語是第幾人稱,是單數還是複數。

錯誤例子:

a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.b. He go to school by bike every day.

正確例子:

a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.b. He goes to school by bike every day.

分析:

a句中a number of +複數名詞做主語時,其謂語動詞用複數形式。b中 He是第三人稱單數,在一般現在時態中謂語動詞go應該加es。


二、時態

初中學生在寫作中經常在時態方面犯錯誤。英語時態種類繁多,動詞的構成形式隨著時態的變化而變化。中文裡沒有時態區分。動作或動詞的時間由跟在動詞後的諸如 “著”、“了”、“過”等副詞來表示,對初中生來說,掌握英語的時態不是很容易。

錯誤例子:

a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.b. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.

正確例子:

a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.b. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.

分析:

a句是一個常識問題,應該用一般現在時態。b句主句是一般將來時,從句是一般現在時態。


三、語態錯誤

動詞的被動式在英語中比比皆是,學生由於漢語思維的影響,很少考慮到用被動語態。雖然中文裡也有被動式的含義,但與英語裡被動式表達方式完全不同。英語裡的被動式要求有助動詞be和一個變異的過去分詞形式,其中這個助動詞帶有時態和人稱數量信息,中文裡需要使用諸如“被”、“使”、“讓”等詞語,不需要有不規則的動詞形式。這對中國的學習者來說就有潛在的困難。

錯誤例子:

a. New bicycles must keep inside.b. The book has to return at the end of the week.c. The food has cooked.d. Knife should take away from babies.

正確例子:

a. New bicycles must be kept inside.b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.c. The food has been cooked.d. Knives should be taken away from babies.

分析:

以上句子的問題就在於沒有運用好被動語態。


四、固定搭配

錯誤多出現在介詞短語的搭配和固定詞組的搭配上,其中,特殊動詞的搭配和用法錯誤最為常見。

錯誤例子:

a. He suggested to go there on his bike.b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.

正確例子:

a. He suggested going there on his bike.b. My teacher explained the text to me very carefully.c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.

分析:

中國學習者的英語應用很大程度上受到其母語的影響,經常直接翻譯,沒有牢牢記住動詞的特殊用法和固定搭配。比如suggest doing sth.;explain sth. to sb.;make sb do sth.


五、非謂語動詞

學生常常對非謂語動詞的概念不清楚,對不定式、分詞、動名詞的用法不明白,對句子結構分析不正確,常把非謂語動詞誤用作謂語動詞。

錯誤例子:

a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.b. I am looking forward to see you.

正確例子:

a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.b. I am looking forward to seeing you.

分析:

a句中已有謂語動詞來修飾things,此句缺的是後置定語。b句look forward to是一個固定短語,look forward to doing sth.


六、冠詞的使用

冠詞考查分兩個方面,一是冠詞的殘缺或多餘,考生要注意關於含有冠詞(不含冠詞)的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區別,如:in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區別。二是冠詞the, a, an(不定冠詞和定冠詞)之間的相互誤用。

英漢名詞確有許多共同點,但是也有不少不同點。英語名詞有可數與不可數之分,漢語裡沒有,且一般情況下,名詞都可受到數量詞的限制。因此,英語寫作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少數常用不可數名詞時,學生往往會犯錯誤。

不過,在使用英語不可數名詞時,又會出現兩種情況,一種是絕不可以用a/an或數詞來直接修飾,如上述提及的幾個名詞;另一種情況是,少數不可數名詞在被形容詞修飾後,可用a/an等來修飾。如time(時間),rain(雨)。所以我們可以說:We had a wonderful time yesterday.

錯誤例子:

a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.

正確例子:

a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.

分析:

a句中air是不可數名詞,不需要the,b句中stop在此處的意思是站臺,表示某一個站臺,需要有a來修飾,c句中太陽是專有名詞,需要有the來修飾。


七、名詞的使用

名詞主要考查單數名詞變複數名詞,這主要是受東西方文化差異的影響,英語中除了不可數名詞和單數名詞用單數外,可數名詞要用複數形式。另外還有一些特殊形式。例如:

錯誤例子:

a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!b. Please give my best regard to your parents.

正確例子:

a. What beautiful weather we are having today!b. Please give my best regards to your parents.

分析:

a句中weather是不可數名詞,不需要a。b中regard是可數的,所以要加上s。


八、情態動詞的使用

主要有以下幾種錯誤:① 情態動詞後的動詞使用過去時態;② 情態動詞後的動詞加“s”③ 情態動詞後的動詞加“ing”④”will”後面的“be”動詞用“am、“is”或“are ”;⑤助動詞“do”後面的動詞用動詞過去時態;⑥。助動詞“do”後面的動詞第三人稱單數加“s";⑦ 助動詞“do”後面的動詞加“ing”等。

錯誤例子:

a. I could did my homework.b. He may goes to school by bike every day.

正確例子:

a. I could do my homework.b. He may go to school by bike every day.

分析:

情態動詞後加動詞原形。