【學法指導】初中英語動詞不定式用法小結
動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，又叫非謂語動詞，它沒有人稱和數的變化，在句子中不能做謂語；它由"to+動詞原形"構成，這裡的to是動詞不定式符號，本身沒有詞義，其否定形式常在to前加not；由於它仍保持動詞的特點，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，還可以帶疑問詞和由for引出其邏輯主語等形成動詞不定式短語；不定式或不定式短語具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特徵，在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等句子成分。為使同學們更好地掌握其用法，現總結如下：
一、動詞不定式作主語
動詞不定式作主語時，為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式後置。如要說明動作的執行者，可在不定式前加for引導的短語；但如果表語是nice, kind, clever等描述動作執行者的性格、品質的形容詞時，則應在不定式前加of引導的短語。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
二、動詞不定式作賓語
一些動詞，如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等，常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時，如果後接賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之後。應注意有些動詞後面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動名詞作賓語，但所表達的意義不同。常見的有：（1）stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事；stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事（2）go on to do sth. 做完一件事後，繼續做另一件事；go on doing sth.繼續做同一件事（3）remember/forget to do sth.記住／忘記去做某事；remember/forget doing sth. 記得／忘記做過某事
三、動詞不定式作定語
動詞不定式作後置定語時，與被修飾的名詞邏輯上有動賓關係。如果動詞不定式是不及物動詞時，則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構成及物動詞短語。動詞不定式作後置定語常用於"have/has ＋某事＋to do"或"enough＋名詞＋to do""It's time to do sth."等結構中。
四、動詞不定式作賓語補足語
有些動詞，如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結構。應注意動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to，在被動語態中應加上to。這些動詞可歸納為"一感(feel)，二聽(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)(即在動詞help後面作賓語補足語時，to可有可無)"。另有口訣幫助記憶："感使動詞真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來。"(let不用於被動語態)
五、動詞不定式作狀語
動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結果或原因。為了強調目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用結構有too + adj./adv. + to dosth.等。
六、固定句式中動詞不定式的用法
在固定句式中對不定式的考察常見的有：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
動詞不定式專項訓練題：
一、單項選擇。
1. _______ is difficult to work out the maths problem.
A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. Its
2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.
A. travelB. not start outC. to leaveD. going
3. They have no paper_______.
A. to writeB. to write withC. write onD .to write on
4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
A. hasB. haveC. to haveD. having
5. _______the computer is a problem.
A. How to useB. What to useC. Where to useD. Which to use
6. The teacher told us _______in bed.
A. don't readB. read notC. to not readD. not to read
7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.
A. so, thatB. as, asC. too, toD. very, to
8. Why _______home tomorrow?
A. not goB. not goingC. not to goD. didn't go
9. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______?
A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down D. to turn down it
10. It's cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.
A. to put onB. putting onC. puts onD. put on
二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
1. It took half an hour _______(get) to the World Park from Kitty's school.
2. It was interesting _______(see) so many places of interest from all over the world.
3. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.
4. Kitty's classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.
5. Things _______(do) in Beijing
6. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.
7. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.
8. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.
9. It's time for class. Please stop _______(talk).
10. I'd like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.
參考答案：
一、1—5 CCDBA 6—10 DCABD
二、1. to get2. to see3. to save 4. to make 5. to do
6. to look7. (to)put8. cry 9. talking 10. to go
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