高考必考語法精講精練
語法專題四：介詞
介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。它是高考必考點之一。《2017年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試大綱》附錄語法項目表中對介詞考查列了一項：介詞和介詞短語。介詞在句子中不能單獨使用，只能與名詞、代詞等構成介詞短語，在句中作狀語、後置定語、表語和補語等。
2015年高考全國卷Ⅰ第66題（語法填空）考查了介詞短語by car乘汽車；第74題（短文改錯）考查了介詞短語with the developmentof隨著......的發展。2016年高考全國卷Ⅰ第64題（語法填空）考查了介詞短語go back to回到；第78題（短文改錯）考查了介詞短語dream of夢想。2017年高考全國卷Ⅰ第61題（語法填空）考查了介詞as表示"作為"；第68題（語法填空）考查了介詞by後面接v-ing；第80題考查了介詞短語in the middle of裡的介詞of。
I.高考英語短文改錯及語法填空考點分析及訓練·介詞
考點規律分析：短文改錯對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動詞後接賓語時誤加介詞和在不及物動詞後接賓語時漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習語中的介詞用法等。語法填空主要涉及介詞的選擇。
介詞單句改錯之真題訓練：
1. Bill insisted in staying near the car.
2. Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.
3. When I have free time I go a long walk.
4.When they came down the police were angry to them.
5. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
6. …and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular.
7. I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.
8. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.
9. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.
10. We practise for three times every week.
11.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
12. Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family.
13. I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing…
14. Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.
15. So I'm really sorry that I won't be able to come in this time.
16. …but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
17. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o'clock in the morning.
18.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
19. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.
20.I feel sorry to him.
21.Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.
22. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials…
23. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese…
24. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.
25. You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet.
26. But I have spent lots my money, …
27. …you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors' Club…
28. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.
介詞單句改錯之模擬訓練：
1. We must serve for the people heart and soul.
2. I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.
3. Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.
4. I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.
5. In English class, we often talk each other in English.
6. Don't talk. What the man says is well worth listening.
7. The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.
8. She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.
9. I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.
10. Are you glad to be going to back to school?
11. On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.
12. Please close the door at next time you come in.
13. Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.
14. We can finish the work either this week or in next week.
15. We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.
16. We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.
17. Don't be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy.
18. I've read a lot books about animals.
19. He invited us to dinner, which was very kind for him.
20. I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.
21. Don't go by plane. It's a lot of more expensive.
22. Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables.
23. On my way back, I called at Mr Smith at his office.
介詞單句改錯之提升訓練：
1. His father has been ill on bed for two years.
2. During the summer vacation, he worked in the farm.
3. He is very fond of football and he is in the school football team.
4. I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.
5. Don't read under the strong light.
6. The killer ran away to the direction of Beijing.
7. He lives on No.124. Wuyi Road.
8. He is very angry to his son for his failing in the exam.
9. He hit me on the face.
10. He is strict to me in my work.
11. The bottle is filled of the gas.
12. London stands to the Thames.
13. His mother took pride of his great achievements.
14. There are two windows on the wall.
15. On the way home, I found I had lost the key of the door.
16. We are trying to find the answer of the problem.
17. You are required to write your story with your own words.
18. With what language did she make the speech?
19. He is the cleverest in all the students.
20. At a clear night, he went out in search of the gold.
21. He had an English party at Christmas Eve.
22. Women should be equal with men.
23. He is blind on both his eyes.
24. Uncle Tom is famous as his skill in cooking.
25. He will come back after five weeks.
26. He said that he had met us many years ago.
27. He is the tallest between the four of us.
28. I called on my uncle's last night.
29. It is very clever for a dog to save its owner.
30. You should be beware to dangers.
介詞單句語法填空之真題訓練：
1．That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help. ______short，he's reliable.
2．In addition ________ the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
3．The dictionary is of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.
4．My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.
5.My uncle says that he never dreams _______becoming rich in a short period of time.
6．Most of us are more focused_______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
7.Are you interested ________ becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?
8.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test ________ the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.
9.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat________their hands.
10.Now I am leaving home __________ college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
11.In high school, I became curious ________ the computer, and built my first website.
12.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money ________a cause.
13.The mother continued to care for the young panda________more than two years.
14.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage________the opportunity to join sports teams.
15.Shelly－Ann is a little woman ________ a big smile.She has mental toughness that did not come about by chance.
16.The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
17.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.
18.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________ harmony with nature.
19.The whole team count ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
20.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.
21.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?
22.Most people work because it's unavoidable._______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
23.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _____our emotions than for straight facts.
24.These comments came in response_____ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
25.This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you _____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
參考答案及解析 如果有不解的地方，留言區提問，我一定會認真解答
介詞單句改錯之真題訓練：
1.in 改為 on，insist on 為固定搭配
2.at 改為 of，catch sight of是習語，意為"看見"
3.go 後加 for，go for a walk 是習語
4.to 改為 with，要表示對某人生氣，英語習慣上用be angry with sb
5.去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物動詞
6.books for 改為 books on，此處的 on 意為"關於"
7.去掉 about 或將 about 改為 that，因動詞 knew 後可直接跟賓語從句，無需用介詞
8.for 改為 of，注意句型 It's kind of sb to do sth
9.去掉 in，在由 next, this, last 等構成的時間短語中，一般可直接用作時間狀語，無需加 in, on, at 這樣的介詞
10.去掉 for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞
11.instead 後加 of，instead of 為複合介詞，在此表示"而不是"
12.among 改為 in，in my family 意為"在我家裡"
13.a lot 後加 of，因 a lot 不能直接修飾名詞
14.on 改為 for，thanks for doing sth 意為"因某事而感謝某人"
15.去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用作狀語
16.去掉 about，因 about 後沒有接賓語，about 屬多餘
17.去掉 on，因 one night 可直接用作狀語
18.去掉 at，the moment 在此用作連詞，相當於 as soon as
19.去掉 in，spend 是及物動詞，其後可直接跟名詞作賓語
20.to 改為 for，be / feel sorry for sb 意為"為某人感到難過"
21.Because 後加 of，因 so much viewing 相當於名詞
22.On 改為 In，意為"在一年中"
23.去掉 that 前的 in，was 後是一個以 that 引導的賓語從句，in 是多餘的
24.to 改為 at，laugh at 意為"嘲笑"
25.kinds 後加 of，a kind of 意為"一種……"，all kinds of…意為"各種各樣的……"
26.lots後加of，lots / a lot後不能接名詞；後接名詞時，要用lots of…，a lot of…
27.去掉 in，表示"參加，加入"某個組織，join 後不要再加介詞 in；表示"參加"某項活動時，才加 in
28.on 改為 in，因為 have sth in common 是固定搭配，意為"有共同的……"
介詞單句改錯之模擬訓練：
1. 去掉 for，serve 表示"為……服務"，是及物動詞，後接賓語時無需用介詞。
2. 去掉 into，enter 表示"進入"時，是及物動詞，後接賓語時無需用介詞。
3. 去掉 with，marry 表示"與……結婚"時，是及物動詞，後接賓語時無需用介詞。
4. 去掉 of，a great many後可直接跟名詞，無需用介詞。但若其後的名詞有the, these, my 等表特指的限定詞，則要用介詞 of，如 a great many of my friends。
5. talk 後加 to，因 talk 為不及物動詞。
6. listening 後加 to，因what the man says 是 listen to 的邏輯賓語。
7. sit 後加 on或 in，因為從邏輯上說就是 sit on/in the chair。
8. insisted 後加 on，insist 後可接從句作賓語，但不接名詞、代詞、動名詞等作賓語，遇此情況應用 insist on。
9. 去掉 to，因 ask 是及物動詞，後接賓語時無需用介詞。
10. 去掉 back 前的 to，因 back 是副詞，其前不用介詞。
11. 去掉 home 前的 to，因 home 是副詞，其前不用介詞。
12. 去掉 at，因 next time 在此用作連詞，意為"下次"。
13. 去掉 in，every year 可直接用作狀語，其前無需用介詞。
14. 去掉 in，next week 可直接用作狀語，其前無需用介詞。
15.instead 後加 of，instead of 為複合介詞，在此表示"而沒有"。
16. because 後加 of，因其後接的是名詞，而不是句子。
17.to 改為 with，要表示"對某人生氣"，用 be angry with sb，不用 be angry to sb。
18. a lot 後加 of，a lot of 意為"許多"。
19. for 改為 of，為 it is very kind of sb 的變體。
20. 去掉 on，the moment 在此用作連詞，意為"一……就"。
21. 去掉 of，a lot 修飾比較級，a lot of 修飾名詞。
22. Except 改為Besides。比較：except 表示"除……外，不再有"，besides 表示"除……外，還有"。
23. at 改為 on。比較：call at 後接某地方，call on 後接某人。
介詞單句改錯之提升訓練：
1. on改為in。in bed為固定用法，表示"臥床休息"。
2. in 改為on。
3. in 改為on。on the team為固定用法。
4. under 改為with。with the help of表示"在……的幫助下"。
5. under改為in。"在……光線下"正確表示方法為in… light。
6. to改為in。in the direction of…表示"朝……方向"之意。
7. on改為at。
8. to改為with。表示"對某人生氣"應用be angry with sb.。
9. on改為in。
10. to改為with。be strict with sb. 表示"對某人要求嚴格"； be strict in sth. 表示"對某事要求嚴格"。
11. of改為with。注意這兩個詞組的介詞搭配be full of， be filled with。
12. to改為on。表示"在河的邊沿"，用on。
13. of改為in。注意兩個詞組的介詞搭配take pride in，be proud of
14. on改為in。
15. of改為to。the key to the door 為固定搭配。
16. of改為to。the answer to the problem為固定搭配。
17. with改為in。
18. With改為In。
19. in改為of。表比較的對象用of。表比較地點範圍用in，如：in my class, in China
20. At改為On。On指具體所指的一天晚上。
21. at改為on。注意比較：at Christmas
22. with改為to。Be equal to（相等的、均等的）為固定搭配。
23. on改為in。表示眼睛瞎了要用介詞in/of。
24. as改為for。be famous for表示"因某事出名", be famous as表示"因某種身份出名"。
25. after改為in。表"將來一段時間之後"，用in。
26. ago改為before。ago以現在為起點，如：five days ago。而 before以過去某個時間為起點，如：before liberation
27. between改為among。between只能指"兩者之間"。
28. on改為at。my uncle's是"我叔叔家"的意思。
29. for改為of。如果形容詞表示不定式邏輯主語的品質，性格的話，用of。
30. to 改為of。Be beware of…(當心…)為固定搭配。
介詞單句語法填空之真題訓練：
1．In [考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：那個年輕人誠實而且善於合作，總是在你需要幫助的時候出現。總之，他是可靠的。]
2．to [句意：除了學校之外，這個村子也有診所，也是政府資助建設的。根據上下文內容，尤其是"also"提示，可知用in addition to。]
3．out [考查"out of＋名詞"型介詞短語辨析。句意為：這部詞典過時了：自從它出版以來，這門語言已增添了許多單詞。out of date意為"過時"。]
4．to [go back to為固定短語，意思是"回到，追溯到"。]
5．of或about [固定短語dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是"夢想做某事"。]
6．on [考查介詞的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些時候的注意力更集中。固定短語be focused on專心於，集中於。]
7．in [be interested in...對……感興趣，固定搭配。]
8．at [at the beginning of...在……開始。]
9．with [考查介詞。固定短語：with one's hands 用某人的手。]
10. for [ 固定搭配 leave...for 離開……去……。]
11．about [考查固定搭配be curious about...對……好奇。]
12．to [考查固定搭配contribute...to...向……捐獻。]
13．for [媽媽繼續照顧年輕的熊貓兩年多的時間。for＋一段時間。]
14．of [考查動詞短語。句意：父母應積極督促孩子抓住機會加入運動隊。take advantage of利用。]
15．with [用with表示帶著微笑。]
16．with [考查介詞。句意：這位藍眼睛的蘇格蘭女孩在第五屆漢語演講大賽中獲得了一等獎。with表示"有"。]
17．in [句意：簡匆匆忙忙的，因為去往機場的火車半個小時之後就開了。in加上一段時間和一般將來時連用，表示的是一段時間以後。]
18．in [句意：人類被認為是自然的一部分，同樣，我們要生存下去的唯一方式，就是要與大自然和諧相處。考查介詞短語。in harmonious with與……和諧。]
19．on [句意：整個團隊依靠Cristians Ronaldo，他很少讓他們失望。固定表達count on依靠，指望。]
20．for [句意：如果沒有托馬斯·愛迪生的話，我們現在所受益的許多東西是不會出現的。but for如果沒有的話。]
21．to [句意：你聽說過既可生長在陸地上又可生長在海里的可作為動物家園的樹嗎？固定表達home to...是……的家園或故鄉。]
22．By [句意：大多數人工作是因為無法避免，相比之下，也有一些人真的喜歡工作。固定表達by contrast相比之下。]
23．to [句意：我們傾向於對令感官興奮的或吸引我們情感的東西記憶深刻。固定表達appeal to對……有吸引力。]
24．to [句意：這些解釋是對當地記者經常詢問的特定問題的回應。固定表達in response to作為對……的回答，作為對……的反應。]
25．in [句意：這個會議室是禁菸區。我想提前警告你，如果你吸菸，你會被罰款的。固定表達in advance預先，提前。]
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