高考英语必考的时态语态考点，你知道吗？

时态语态是高考必考的重点语法之一，直接体现在语法填空和改错题型中。其实，只要抓住每个时态和语态的特点，高考中时态语态题能轻松答对。

一般现在时态

1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。

常用提示词：often, usually, sometimes,every day等时间状语。

Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.

2.表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。

—So what is the procedure?

—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.

3.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。(常见出题点）

My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.

4.表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。

如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。

The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.

Note: （出题点）一般现在时态要注意句子的主语是否是第三人陈单数，是的话谓语动词要发 生变化。

一般过去时

1.表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；

用于表示过去的习惯；

表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。

I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.

Michael’s father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.

I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.

(2)注意句型：was/were about to do ... when ...中when后从句的动词用过去式。

I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

Note: 要求同学们记住规则和不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，因为事实证明，考试时很多同学把很简单很常用的动词的过去式都会写错！！！

现在完成时

1.记住常用提示词：so far, recently, lately, once/twice/three ...times, before, ever, by now, in the last/past few years, over a long time, up to now, yet, already, just, since等。（一般考语法填空或改错时会有提示词）

2.如果没有提示词，看句子是否翻译成“已经”且表示现在的状态，如果是的话，用现在完成时。

—Look! Somebody has cleaned the sofa.

—Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.

3.下列句型中常用现在完成时。

①It is (has been)＋一段时间＋since从句

This (That/It) is the first (second ...) time＋that从句

This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.

②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。

—When shall we restart our business?

—Not until we have finished our plan.

Note:要求同学们一定记住提示词！！！

过去完成时

1.过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。 （出题点）

①He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he had had it for a very long time.

②We first met on a train in 2010.We both felt immediately that we had known each other for years.

2.有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。这类动词常见的有：hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want, think等。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.

3.在特殊句式hardly/scarcely ...when ...; no sooner ...than ...中，主句常用过去完成时，该句式意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。

Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.

Note:（出题点）一般过去时与过去完成时的用法辨析

1. More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent、

本题答案为B。不少学生会误选D。因为他们以为发生在过去某时间的动作就该用过去完成时, 其实这正是一般过去时的典型用法, 不是过去完成时的用法.

2. He ___ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned

本题答案是D。是过去完成时的典型用法，进入大学是一过去动作，用一般过去时而已学5000多英语单词则是在进大学之前就已发生的另一过去动作，用过去完成时。用过去完成时必须有两个过去动作，第一个动作或时间用一般过去时或时间状语表示，第二个更早的动作即“过去之过去”，才用过去完成时。

3.She ___her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.

A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing

本题答案是C。改变发型时间在前，来重庆找工作在后。改变理应用过去完成时，但before, after, until, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句由于连词本身的词义已经把动作的时间关系表达清楚所以从句动词也可用一般过去时替代过去完成时。

4. We ____that John would become a doctor, but he was not good enough at science.

A. hope B. had hoped C. hoped D. have hoped

本题答案是B。wish, hope, want, intend, mean, plan, expect等动词的过去完成时常表示未能实现的愿望、希望、意图、打算, 计划, 期盼等，汉语可译成“本来希望、本来打算、本来想、原来的意图是、本来计划、原本期望”等。这些动词的一般过去时+不定式的完成式也可表达同样的意思。

将来完成时

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。

—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month, he will have saved enough for a used one.

现在进行时

1.表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；

2.延伸用法（出题点）

表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；

表近期特定的安排或计划；

go, come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。

You are always studying in the library. Why not have a picnic this afternoon?

Note:考点例题

1. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.

A. has closed down B. closed down

C. is closing down D. had closed down

本题答案是C。现在进行时表示一个计划好或安排好的将来动作

2 .

—You're drinking too much. —Only at home. No one_____ me but you.

A. is seeing B had seen C. sees D. saw

本题答案是C。表感觉、思维、情感态度、状态的动词： see, hear, seem, taste, believe, know, guess, realize, think, understand, hate, like, love, want, prefer, need, wish, remember, want, mean, mind, have, belong, exist, deserve等不用进行时态（有特殊情况下用进行时态的，但不是考点，故不作举例）.

3. He is such a man who is always_____ fault with other people.

A. putting B. seeking C. finding D. looking for

本题答案是C。本题考查进行时态表说话人情感的用法。进行时与always、forever、contantly等搭配可表示说话人满意、赞扬、不满、抱怨、批评等情感意义。本题表示说话人的不满。

过去进行时

1.过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。

—Did you catch what I said?

—Sorry. I was answering a text message just now.

2.某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中的持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。

—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.

—I’m so sorry. But I was doing my homework.

Note:考点例题

1.The eyewitness said that the day ____ when he saw the UFO passing across the sky.

A. is breaking B. was breaking C. broke D. was to break

本题答案是B。 过去进行时常与一般过去时搭配，过去进行时表示一个长的动作，充当时间背景；一般过去时表示一个短的动作，该动作就发生在过去进行时所提供的时间背景过程中。

2. — Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He ______it this morning.

A. did B . has done C. was doing D. had done

本题答案是C。本题选B的错误是：现在完成时不能与明确过去时间状语(this morning) 搭配且该答案与题干语境相矛盾。答案A段时间状语与一般过去时搭配表示动作完成，这显然也与题干语境相矛盾。而过去进行时与短时间状语搭配表示动作未完成，正好与题干语境符合，所以答案为C

3.

He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.

A．were deciding B．have decided C．decided D．will decide

本题答案是B。解本题的关键是正確理解题干意义，was hoping在本句中并不表示过去进行，而是等于hopes. 在英语中hope, wonder, think 的过去进行时常用来表示说话人现在的希望，请求或想法等，比用一般现在时的语气更委婉、客气。

现在完成进行时

(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。

The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.

(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。

Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere.

Note:现在完成时态的提示词同样适用于现在完成进行时态。

将来进行时

1.将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

2.常见的标志性状语有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。

—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?

—I’m sorry, but by then I will be flying to Beijing. How about five?

动词的语态

做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：

第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。

1. A new cinema_____ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built

本题答案D。及物动词后面如无宾语常提示我们该句应该用被动语态，再根据下文时间状语next month确定用被动语态的现在进行时。

2. —Why did you leave that position?

—I ______ a better position at IBM.

A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered

本题答案D。offer是双宾语动词，双宾语动词后如只有一个宾语也常提示应用被动语态。再根据题干语境，答案应是一般过去时。

Note:两种特殊形式

1.get＋过去分词表被动

They got married last week.

He fell and got hurt.

2．主动形式表被动意义

(1)系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等＋形容词/名词。

The dish tastes delicious.

His plan proved (to be) practical.

(2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read, write, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, shut等，其主语往往是物。

—What about the books?

—Books of this kind sell well.

The door won’t open.

The pen writes smoothly.

(3)be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting.

(4)need, want, require, deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

Most house plants require regular watering.

练一练吧

1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You your sweater inside out.

A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing

2. — We that you would fix the TV set this week.

— I’m sorry. I to, but I’ve been too busy.

A. had expected； had intended

B. are expecting； had intended

C. expect； intend

D. expected； intend

3. He will stop showing off, if no notice of him.

A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken

4. — It is said that another new car factory now.

— Yeah. It one and a half years.

A. is building；takes B. is being built；will take

C. is built；will take D. is being built；takes

5. — I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.

— You your temper but that’s OK.

A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing

6. — Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!

— Mum, I my storeroom downstairs。

A. cleaned B. have worked C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning

7. They won’t buy new clothes because they money to buy a color TV set.

A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving

8. Good heavens! There you are! We anxious about you, and we you back throughout the night.

A. are；expect B. were；had expected

C. have been；were expecting D. are；were expecting

9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it me an entire month.

A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken

10. The traffic in our city is already good and it even better.

A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting

11. — Has Jack finished his homework yet?

— I have no idea；he it this morning.

A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did

12. — I will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow.

— I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I my guests in my office.

A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met

13. — Alice came back home the day before yesterday.

— Really ? Where ?

A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone

14. John and I

friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that.

A. had been；have met B. have been；have met

C. had been；had met D. have been；had met

15. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

A. will play B. have played C. played D. play

16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum.

A. take B. am taking C. have taken D. will have taken

17. — You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

— I’ m sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say

18. — Where ?

— I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I here earlier.

A. did you go； had arrived

B. have you been；would have been

C. were you；would come

D. are you；was

19. I know Mr. Brown；we to each other at an international conference.

A. are introduced B. have been introduced

C. were introduced D. had been introduced

20. —Where do you think he the computer?

— Sorry. I have no idea.

A. has ；bought B.／；bought

C. did ；buy D. had ；bought

答案：

1. D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。

2. A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。

3. A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。

4. B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now，可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。

5. C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。

6. D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。

7. B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。

8. C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。

9. B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。

10. D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。

11. A。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。

12. C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。

13. B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。

14. D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。

15. D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。

16. B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。

17. D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有“过去正在进行”之意，帮排除A。

18. B。问对方“去了哪里”，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。

19. C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。

20. B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think （believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。