CDC website drops guidance, anecdotal data on Trump-backed hydroxychloroquine as COVID-19 treatment
美國疾病控制與預防中心網站上公佈了指導意見，特朗普支持的羥基氯喹作為covid19治療的軼事數據
Doug Stanglin, USA TODAY 道格·斯坦林，《今日美國》
USA TODAY 《今日美國》April 9, 2020, 3:59 AM GMT+82020年4月9日，格林尼治標準時間凌晨3:59 +8
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has abruptly switched its guidance for use of a drug touted by President Donald Trump as a possible treatment for COVID-19, dropping its reference to anecdotal dosages to say simply that there are no approved drugs for dealing with the disease.
美國疾病控制與預防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，簡稱cdc)突然改變了使用一種被唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)總統吹捧為可能用於治療covid19的藥物的指導方針，不再提及坊間傳聞的劑量，而只是簡單地說沒有獲得批准的治療這種疾病的藥物。
The CDC's online advice for hydroxychloroquinewas updated April 7, three days after Reuters reported that the CDC was offering what the news agency called "highly unusual guidance" for the drug's use based on "unattributed anecdotes rather than peer-reviewed science."
4月7日，美國疾病控制與預防中心更新了對羥基氯喹的在線建議。3天前，路透社報道稱，美國疾病控制與預防中心對這種藥物的使用提供了“極不尋常的指導”，其依據是“不為人知的軼事，而不是經過同行評議的科學”。
The updated, and shortened, guidance says simply that "hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are under investigation in clinical trials” for use on coronavirus patients and "there are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prevent or treat COVID-19."
這份最新的、簡短的指南簡單地說，“羥基氯喹和氯喹正在進行臨床試驗研究”，用於治療冠狀病毒患者，“美國食品和藥物管理局(fda)沒有批准任何藥物或其他療法來預防或治療covid19。”
The CDC originally told Reuters that the earlier guidance was crafted for doctors at the request of a White House coronavirus task force, which had urged prompt action.
疾病預防控制中心最初告訴路透社，早期的指南是應白宮冠狀病毒特別工作組的要求而制定的，該工作組敦促立即採取行動。
The CDC did not immediately respond to USA TODAY's queries about the revised guidance.
美國疾病控制與預防中心沒有立即回應《今日美國》對修訂指南的質疑。
Chloroquine treats malaria: 氯喹治療瘧疾:Will it work against coronavirus? The side effects are risky, experts say. 它能對抗冠狀病毒嗎?專家說，副作用是有風險的。
Your coronavirus questions, answered: 你的冠狀病毒問題，回答: Is my cat contagious? Should I disinfect groceries? 我的貓會傳染嗎?我應該給雜貨消毒嗎?
Hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malarial drug, was thrust into the spotlight by Trump, who has regularly touted its potential to fight the virus, saying “there are some very strong, powerful signs” of its potential.
抗瘧疾藥物羥基氯喹(羥基氯喹)被特朗普推到了聚光燈下。特朗普經常吹噓其對抗這種病毒的潛力，稱其潛力“有一些非常強大的跡象”。
Although health experts say that the data on the drug's effectiveness is extremely limited and that more study is needed, Trump said recently that “if it does work, it would be a shame we did not do it early.” He added: “But what do I know? I’m not a doctor.”
儘管健康專家表示，關於這種藥物有效性的數據極其有限，還需要更多的研究，但特朗普最近表示，“如果它真的有效，我們沒有早點做就太可惜了。”他補充道:“但我知道什麼呢?”我不是醫生。”
As a sign of the president's influence on the issue, Trump noted this week that the federal government had purchased and stockpiled 29 million pills of the drug. “We are sending them to various labs, our military, we’re sending them to the hospitals,” he said.
作為總統對該問題影響的一個標誌，特朗普本週指出，聯邦政府已經購買和儲存了2900萬顆這種藥物。他說:“我們把他們送到各個實驗室，我們的軍隊，我們把他們送到醫院。”
A bottle of hydroxychloroquine.
一瓶羥基氯喹。
The question of the drug's effectiveness has divided some key Trump advisers.
關於這種藥物的有效性，特朗普的一些關鍵顧問產生了分歧。
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, has expressed skepticism over the drug, saying, “The data are really, just, at best, suggestive.”
美國國家過敏和傳染病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)所長安東尼·福奇(Anthony Fauci)博士對這種藥物表示懷疑，他說，“這些數據充其量只是一種暗示。”
“There have been cases that show there may be an effect, and there are others to show there's no effect," Fauci said on CBS's "Face the Nation. "So, I think in terms of science, I don't think we could definitively say it works.”
福奇在哥倫比亞廣播公司的“面對全國”節目中說:“已經有一些案例表明可能會有影響，還有一些案例表明沒有影響。”“所以，我認為在科學方面，我不認為我們可以肯定地說它是有效的。”
Peter Navarro, the top trade and manufacturing aide to the president who is coordinating the use of the Defense Production Act against the virus for the White House, told CNN's John Berman recently that he believes a "second opinion" is needed about hydroxychloroquine as a treatment.
總統的高級貿易和製造助理彼得·納瓦羅(Peter Navarro)最近告訴CNN的約翰·伯曼(John Berman)，他認為有必要對羥基氯喹作為一種治療方法提出“第二意見”。
"I let (Fauci) speak for himself, John, but I would have two words for you: second opinion," Navarro said. "Doctors disagree about things all the time."
“我讓(福奇)自己說，約翰，但我有兩個詞要給你:第二意見，”納瓦羅說。“醫生們總是對一些事情意見不一。”
According to the CDC, hydroxychloroquine is an arthritis medicine that can also be used as a prevention or treatment of malaria and is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It’s available in the U.S. under prescription only.
美國疾病控制與預防中心表示，羥基氯喹是一種治療關節炎的藥物，也可以用來預防或治療瘧疾，還可以用來治療類風溼性關節炎和狼瘡。這種藥在美國只能憑處方買到。
The most recent study came from China and found that the anti-malaria drug helped speed the recovery of a small number of patients who were mildly or moderately ill. The study notes that the evidence is limited. Authors of the report said that cough, fever and pneumonia went away faster and that patients’ illnesses were less likely to become severe.
最近一項來自中國的研究發現，這種抗瘧疾藥物有助於加速一小部分輕度或中度患者的康復。該研究指出，證據是有限的。報告的作者說，咳嗽、發燒和肺炎消失得更快，病人的病情不太可能變得嚴重。
The study was made up of 62 patients where half the subjects were given the usual care and the other half were given the usual care plus hydroxychloroquine.
這項研究由62名患者組成，其中一半的受試者接受常規治療，另一半接受常規治療加羥基氯喹。
They were treated for five days, and their fevers and cough were monitored. Pneumonia improved in 25 of the 31 patients who were given the drug vs. 17 patients in the control group. However, authors concluded that more research is needed.
他們接受了五天的治療，並監測了他們的發燒和咳嗽情況。31名服用該藥的患者中有25名肺炎症狀得到改善，而對照組只有17名。然而，作者認為還需要更多的研究。
The study was posted on medRxiv before it was accepted by the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents with limited to no peer review.
這項研究發表在medRxiv上，之後才被《國際抗菌藥物雜誌》(International Journal of Agents)接受，而且沒有同行評審。
Consider this: 考慮一下:The first US coronavirus patients are being treated with convalescent plasma therapy. Will it work? Not even the doctors know 美國首例冠狀病毒患者正在接受恢復期血漿治療。會工作嗎?連醫生都不知道
Trump has also cited another small study from France of just a couple dozen patients that found that the drug, combined with common antibiotics, was effective in fighting COVID-19. A subsequent study of 80 patients in France found clinical improvement in all but one.
特朗普還引用了另一項來自法國的小型研究，該研究僅對幾十名患者進行了研究，發現該藥與普通抗生素聯合使用，可以有效對抗COVID-19。隨後在法國對80名患者進行的一項研究發現，除了一名患者外，所有患者的臨床症狀都有所改善。
Other experts criticize the studies' design and lack of information on drug side effects.
其他專家批評了研究的設計和藥物副作用信息的缺乏。
“We often see antiviral therapies (that are promising) in the test tube and animal models. But before we give it to patients with confidence, we really need to see the data in humans,” said Jeffrey Klausner, a professor of medicine and public health at the University of California-Los Angeles.
“我們經常在試管和動物模型中看到(有希望的)抗病毒療法。但在我們信心十足地把它給病人之前，我們真的需要看看人類的數據，”加州大學洛杉磯分校(University of California-Los Angeles)醫學和公共衛生教授傑弗裡·克勞斯納(Jeffrey Klausner)說。
Elisabeth Bik, a microbiologist and scientific integrity consultant who writes the medical blog Science Integrity Digest, says it is "very unusual for the CDC to promote a drug that has no proven ability to cure or prevent a disease."
微生物學家、科學誠信顧問、醫學博客《科學誠信文摘》(Science integrity Digest)的作者伊麗莎白•比克(Elisabeth Bik)表示，“疾控中心推廣一種沒有被證明有治癒或預防疾病能力的藥物，這是非常罕見的。”
"The CDC is one of the most reliable sources in this country, and their online information is usually very well curated and trustworthy," Bik says, speculating that the CDC might have initially felt pressure "from high-level leadership."
Bik說:“疾控中心是這個國家最可靠的信息來源之一，他們的網上信息通常都是精心策劃和值得信賴的。”他推測疾控中心最初可能感受到來自“高層領導”的壓力。
"So it looks as if the CDC is indeed listening and responding to these concerns by changing their statement and removing the recommended dosages," said Bik, who has challenged the findings of a French study of the drug. "I applaud them for doing the right thing."
Bik對法國一項關於該藥的研究結果提出了質疑，他說:“因此，疾病控制和預防中心似乎確實在傾聽並通過改變聲明和取消推薦劑量來回應這些擔憂。”“我為他們做了正確的事情而鼓掌。”
Contributing: Adrianna Rodriguez, USA TODAY貢獻:阿德里安娜·羅德里格斯，《今日美國》
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: 這篇文章最初發表在《今日美國》
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