超全的中考英語介詞知識點歸納總結(附加練習題及解析)!

一、介詞的定義:

介詞是一種虛詞,用來表示名詞或相當於名詞的其他詞語與句中其他詞的關係,不能單獨使用。介詞可以與名詞或相當於名詞的其他詞構成介詞短語。

on the desk在桌上

in Shanghai 在上海

by accident 偶然的

on purpose 故意的

drop out of school 輟學

in front of school 在學校前

二、介詞的分類

(一)簡單介詞。例如:

out,at,over,on,under,past,to

(二)複合介詞。例如:

without,onto,outside,within,into

(三)短語介詞。例如:

because of,in front of,instead of

三、常見介詞的用法

(一).表示“在何時”常用介詞at,on,in。

早午晚要用in , 年月季周in在前;

將來時態in… 以後。

in the morning(afternoon, evening)在早上(下午,晚上)

in summer在夏天

in 2008在2008年

in May在5月

in five years 五年以後

At :

黎明午夜時與分,幾歲之前用at;

at dawn ,黎明,破曉

at noon, 正午,中午

at night; 在夜裡

at seven, 在七點鐘

at eight thirty 在八點半

at half past ten.在十點半

at the age of ten 十歲的時候

at the beginning of 在開始的時候。

on:

日子、節日、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in.

on Sunday在星期日

on Children’s Day. 在兒童節

On August eighth, 2011. 在2011年八月八日

on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上

on the morning of June 1 在6月1日的早上

on a cold winter night 在一個寒冷的冬夜

during在…期間from…to … 從…到…

during the summer holiday 在暑假

during the night 在晚上

from Monday to Friday 從週一到週五

from 7 o’ clock to 9 o’ clock 從7點到9點

Since 接點,for 接段,現在完成裡面見。

句子詞組since 後,絕對不與for相連。

I have lived in Beijing since 2005。(時間點)

我自從2005年就開始居住在北京。

I have already learned English for seven years.

我已經學習英語七年了。(一段時間)

I have learned English since I was eight years old.

我自從8歲以來就學習英語了。(後面接句子)

I have lived in Beijing since 6 years ago.

我六年前開始居住在北京的。(後接詞組)

before之前用完成,ago 之前用過去

She said that she had married him five years before.

他說他們五年前已經結婚了。

I have never been to Los Angeles before.

我之前從沒有去過洛杉磯。

He will come back before eleven o’clock.

他將在十一點前回來。

His father died ten years ago.

他的父親十年前死了

after, in, later 表以後,

In 接段時表將來,after 接點將來用;

After 段點皆可表過去。Later 段時後面表過將。

He will reach here in two days.

他兩天後到達這裡。

I think he will come here after three o’clock.

我認為他將三點鐘之後來這。

He started to go after three days rest.

他休息了三天之後又走了。

Three days later, he appeared before all the people who thought him dead.

三天後,他出現在所有認為他已經死的人面前。

I will call again later.

我晚點再打來。

till until 直到,not …until 直到才。

肯定句延續詞till/until ; 否定句延續瞬間not until.

He will wait for me till/until 11 o’clock.

他將等我到11點。

He didn’t arrived at home until 11 o’clock yesterday.

他昨晚直到11點鐘才到家。

He didn’t do his homework until 7 o’clock.

他直到7點鐘才開始做作業。

④by“到……前;截至……”,常用於完成時。例如:

He had finished his homework by 5 o’ clock yesterday afternoon.

他昨天下午5點前就做完作業了。

We had learned eight hundred words by the end of last week.

截止到上週末,我們已經學了800個單詞了。

⑤past & to

Past “表超過”

To “表差幾分”

ten past two 2:10

ten to two 1:50

注意:

在this,that,last,next,every等詞前不加介詞。例如:

last night 昨天晚上

this morning 今天早上

基礎過關

1. Do you often get up early ____ the morning,Lingling?

A.at B.on C.in D.Of

【解析】早午晚要用in at 用在時分前。on 到天時。這道題考查的是時間介詞的用法。in the morning只在of 後面有天時on 代in

2. The kids are going to have a party ____ Children’s Day.

A. in B.on C.at D.Of

【解析】 日子,節日,年月日,星期前面都用on , 日子,節日,年月日,星期加上早,午,晚也要用on . 答案為B

3. —When did you leave home this morning?

—____half past seven.

A.At B.On C.In D.To

【解析】at 用在黎明,午,夜,時與分;at dawn, at noon, at night, at 7:00 時間的表達可以直接寫出數字8:30;另外一種就是由介詞to, past 連接分與時的表達。Half past eight =8:30 ten to ten =9:50 等。答案為A

4. —What did you do ____ Sunday morning?

—we just stayed at home and watched TV.

A.on B.in C at D for

【解析】 看到morning,很多同學會想到早午晚要用in 而選擇B。其實咱們還有另外一句話,就是日期,節日,星期,年月日前要用on代替in

5. They will have a math test two days.

A. for B. at C. in D. after

解析:三天之內應用in,而不要受中文影響用after, after three days 是個不定的時間範圍,即沒有一個準確的時間。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。

答案: C

(二)表示方位地點的介詞In 接大,at 接小

He arrived in Shanghai three days ago.

三天後他到達了上海。

I usually arrive at school at 8:15 every morning.

我通常8:15到校。

at the gate在大門口

at the end of the road在路的盡頭

There is a boy on the building .一個男孩在大廈頂層。

The sun is shinning over the building.

正午的太陽在大廈的上空直射著。

The snow white cloud is flying above the building.

天空偶爾飄過雪白的雲。

The football was buried under the building.

有個足球被埋在大廈下面。

The red cross is below the building.

紅十字符號在大樓的斜下方。

Some children are playing basketball in front of / before the building.

有些孩子在大廈前面打籃球。

There is a dark window and a lot of light windows in the front of the building.

有一個黑暗的窗子和很多光亮的窗子在大樓的前部。

Some children are playing hide-and-seek behind the building.

一些孩子在大廈的後面玩捉迷藏的遊戲。

There are a lot of families living inside the building.

有很多家庭居住在這座樓裡。

There are a lot of body builders outside the building.

大樓的外面有很多健身器材。

There is a swimming pool between Building A and Building B.

在大廈AB之間有個游泳池。(兩者之間)

There is a dustbin among building A, building B and Building C.

在大廈A,B, C之間有個垃圾桶。

A red mark is in the middle of the wall of Building C.

大廈C的中間有顆紅心。

There is a big tree near building A and beside the tree sits a cute cat. = a cute cat is sitting by the tree.

A 號大樓附近有棵大樹。樹的附近臥了一隻可愛的貓。

There is some grass around the cat.

貓藏在草叢中。

基礎過關

1. Look the map China the wall, please.

A.after, of, in B. at, of, in

C. after, in, on D. at, of, on

【解析】 look at 為“看”,而on the wall為“在牆表面掛著”,而in the wall 則是“在牆內”,如:There is a hole in the wall.牆上有個洞。Look after 為 照顧的意思。

2. We won the relay race. And there was a big smile __our teacher's face.

A. off B. near C. on D. between

【解析】on sb’s face是固定搭配在某人的臉上。Between強調兩者之間。Near 在…附近, 有一定的距離。Off 在…外面。答案為C

3. —Why are you standing there,Maggie?

—I can’t see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting____me。

A.behind B.in front of C.beside D.next to

【解析】behind 在…後面,in front of 在…前面;beside 在旁邊。Next to 緊挨著。我看不清黑板,因為兩個高個子男孩坐在我前面。

4. Uncle Wang lives _____ a farm, but he works ______ a factory.

A. in; in B. to; in C. in; at D. on; in

【解析】在農場上用on a farm 在工廠裡用in the factory. 所以答案為D

5. The bridge _____ the river is made ______ big stone.

A. on; from B. over; of C. above; in D. of; into

【解析】on 在上面, over 在正上方,有一定的距離,above在斜上方。我們知道橋是在河的正上方。所以用over。Be made of 是由原料製成成品,看出原材料。From看不出來be made in +產地。be made into +成品而非原料。答案為B

(三) 、方向介詞

1.in on to in在內,on 比鄰,to 很遠。

Beijing lies in the north of China.

北京位於中國的北部。(北京包含在中國之內)

Japan is to the east of China.

日本在中國的東面。(日本不包含在中國之內)

Russia is on the north of China.

俄羅斯在中國的北面。(俄羅斯不包含在中國之內,但與中國接壤)

2. across,over,through & past“穿過”

across 表面,through 內部,over 跨越past 從旁邊經過。

If you see the green light,you can walk across the street.

如果你看見綠燈亮了,你可以穿過街道。

The train ran through the tunnel.

火車穿過隧道。

I can jump over the fence.

我能跳過那座圍牆。

We walked past the hospital.

out of表示“從裡到外,從……出來”,有動感。

into表示“從外到裡,進入……”,有動感。

The students walked out of the classroom When the class was over.

一下課,學生們就走出了教室。

She poured some water into the glass.

她把一些水倒進了玻璃杯裡。

基礎過關

1. I can’t swim _____ the river _____ a piece of wood.

A. across; without B. through; with

C. over; on D. in; by

【解析】橫渡河流,across, through是沿著河從河頭到河尾的遊。Without 沒有,with是伴隨,擁有;題意為我不能橫渡這條河沒有一塊木板所以答案為A

2. Shanghai lies ________ the east of China.

A. to B. in C. on D. at

解析:此題考查學生是否掌握了表達位置的用法。在表達東、西、南、北的方位時。在範圍之內用in , 在範圍之外用to,相鄰用on。答案: B

3. How can you go ______ the street when the traffic is heavy?

A.across B. cross

C. around D. past

【解析】across 是橫穿馬路。Cross 是動詞橫穿不與動詞連用。around 在…周圍,past 是經過。題意為當車輛很多的時候你怎麼能橫穿馬路。

4. The river goes ______ the city from west to east.

A.through B. over C. into D. throughout

【解析】這條河流從城市的西部流到東部。是縱穿城市的。另外城市高樓林立,河流是從內部縱穿的,所以應該選擇through. A。over 是從上部橫快。Throughout 是到處,遍及。

5. The small town lies _____ the three mountains.

A.among B. inside

C. into D. between

【解析】among 是三者或三者以上的之間, between 是兩者之間。Inside 是在內部。Into是進入。這個小鎮位於三座山之間。應該選擇A

方式介詞:in with by

in 顏色,語言,材料,方式

The girl in red is my sister.

穿紅色衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。

Can you express yourself in English.

你能用英語表達自己嗎?

I want to sign my name in black ink.

我要用碳素筆簽名。

In this way, I can feel much more comfortable.

這樣我感覺舒服多了。

With 具體的工具,手段,身體部位。

He likes writing with a pen.

他喜歡用鋼筆寫東西。

I made this shirt with my hand.

我親手做的T恤。

I don’t believe it until I see it with my eyes

直到我親眼目睹我才相信。

By方式,手段,by +交通工具乘坐。

Only by this means is it possible to persuade him

只有用這種方法才能勸得動他。

I go to school by bike.

我騎車上學。

基礎過關

1. Lin Lin often practices English ____ chatting with her American friend.

A.in B.by C.for D.With

【解析】by 表示方式,in顏色,語言,材料。玲玲經常練習英語通過和她美國的朋友。By chatting 習慣用法。答案為B

2. I go to school ___ bus every morning.

A. in B. by C. on D. at

【解析】by後直接加交通工具,表示乘某種交通工具去某地。等於 I take a bus to school .

3. Is the girl _____ red _____ duty today?

A. with; on B. on; for

C. of; at D. in; on

【解析】in+ 顏色 ,語言,原材料。With加具體的工具。在值日是on duty. 所以答案為D

4. She asked me to sit _____ her and help her _____ Chinese.

A. between; at B. beside; with

C. before; in D. on; of

【解析】 help sb. with sth. 是固定搭配。所以後者應該選擇with。而前者說她要我坐在她的旁邊。前面都可以。Between 是兩者之間,on 直接排除。所以答案為B。

5. Can you answer this question ___ English?

A. by B. in C. with D. from

【解析】 in 表示用語言、聲音、或材料,如:He answered the question in a low voice.

6. John cut the pear _____ four pieces ______ a knife.

A. in; by B. into; with C. with; by D. to; in

【解析】with +具體的工具 with a knife , with a pen. 答案為B.

五、其他常用介詞

表示“關於”的介詞。例如:on & about

On 專業about 泛泛

He bought a book on the radio.

他買了一本關於無線電方面的專著。

He told some stories about this city.

他講了關於這個城市的一些故事

表示“數量”的介詞

about“大約……”

over “超過……,在……以上”,相當於“more than”

around“大約……”

My grandmother is about 70 years old.

我的奶奶大約70歲了。

My grandmother is over 70 years old.

我的奶奶70歲了。

It’s around 3 o’ clock.

現在大約3點了。

except“除……以外”,“除去” 表示同類事物之間的關係。

except for“除了……以外”,“如果不是”,“若非”

表示對主要部分的肯定和對局部的否定。它不表示同類事物之間的關係。

besides“除了……以外”,“還有……”。所指事物包括在敘述範圍之內。

but“除了……之外” 多與nobody,none,no,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who等連用。

We all went swimming except Ann.

除了安之外,我們都去游泳了。(Ann沒去)

Besides Ann,we all went swimming.

除了安去游泳之外,我們也都去了。(Ann去了)

Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.

你的作文除了有一些拼寫錯誤之外,寫得還是很好的。

instead “代替” 副詞,放在句首或句尾。

instead of “代替” 介詞短語 後接名詞、動名詞或賓格。

Tom didn’t answer his father.Instead,he asked his father.

湯姆沒有回答他父親,反而問他的父親。

He will go instead of you.

他將代替你去。

四、介詞的固定搭配

介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關係。記住這種固定搭配關係,才能正確使用介詞。

(一)介詞與動詞的搭配

listen to,laugh at,get to,look for,wait for,hear from,turn>,turn off,worry about,think of,look after,spend...on...,等。

(二)介詞與名詞的搭配

on time,in time,by bus,on foot,with pleasure,in trouble.at breakfast,at the end of,in the end等。

(三)介詞與形容詞的搭配

be late for,be afraid of,be good at,be interested in,be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等.

基礎過關

1.Do you know any other foreign language____ English?A. except B. but C. beside D. besides

解析:A、B兩項中,except等於but,意為"除了…",C beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?

2. I learn French ___ the radio every day

A. on B. in C. from D. at

【解析】 從收音機中聽到某事應用詞組 on the radio

3. - Thank you _____ the beautiful flowers!

- Not at all.

A.in B. on C. at D. for

【解析】 由於某事向某人道謝應用for。

4. - When did Mr. Green arrive in London?

- He arrived there ___ the evening of December 6th.

A.at B. in C. on D. to

【解析】 in the evening / afternoon這兩個詞組不論是在其前或後加上任何修飾詞都應將介詞換為on,如:on a cold morning,on a spring morning等。

5.The postman shouted, “ Mr. Green, here is a letter ________ you.”

A. to B. from C. for D. of

答案: C ( 注意:to 表示動作的方向, for表示有從屬關係或者利益關係)


分享到:


相關文章: