項目簡介
Introduction
德拉蒙德維爾（Drummondville）圖書館建造方案選自建築競賽獲獎作品，方案巧妙地將歷史，文化及詩意的表達融入城市與建築中。200年前，一群士兵來到德拉蒙德維爾開啟農耕生活，從而建立起這座城市。自那時起，聖佛朗索瓦河即成為德拉蒙德維爾，和魁北克中部地區歷史文化故事中舉足輕重的角色。
幾年後，藉著鐵路及一系列水力發電大壩建設的東風，該市以聖弗朗索瓦河為基礎，發展了其主要經濟驅動力：工業及水利渦輪。德拉蒙德維爾在度過一段艱難時光後，開始竭力發展經濟。新圖書館的建設，象徵著城市努力向前的進程正邁入高潮，同時，也在城市中心為市民提供了充滿活力的公共空間。
▼項目概況，overview ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
Originating from an architectural competition, the Drummondville Library project transposes the historical, cultural and poetic essence of the region into a studied urban and architectural composition. Since the city was founded by a garrison of soldiers-turned-farmers 200 years ago, the Saint-François River has been the main protagonist in the historical and cultural tale of Drummondville and the central Quebec region.
Crossed by a railway a few years later and exploited by a series of hydro-electric dams, the Saint-François River enabled the city to develop its main economic drivers: industry and turbines. Following a difficult period, Drummondville is now embracing the future thanks to its intensive efforts in economic development, welcoming the new library as the culmination of these efforts and a as dynamic civic space in the heart of the city center.
▼建築全景，overview ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
圖書館的環保價值
The environnemental dimension
直到今天，德拉蒙德維爾圖書館的可持續發展戰略仍在不斷完善，未來可期。當前技術及知識，為如何有效、快速降低建造成本與提升空間舒適度，提供了簡潔的答案。建築機電的設計秉承靈活性原則，以確保建築的現有設備能適應未來可能的技術升級。此外，圖書館與溜冰場之間的熱能交換系統，優化了區域內的財務，能源及環境資源。
這種相輔相成的能量系統，以兩方對於冷熱的不同需求為基礎，在一年的近六個月時間裡形成能量傳輸環路，以此降低能源系統規模及需求。在不影響圖書館未來性能改進的前提下，現有技術通過有效的能源整合，確保了項目經濟及環境資源的示範性可持續化發展。
The sustainable development vision of the Drummondville library remains, still today, prospective and evolving. The current technical knowledge simplifies the answers to the immediate imperatives of cost and increasing the comfort within the space. The basic electromechanical concept is based on flexibility, ensuring the current equipment can adapt in the future to the evolution of knowledge and technologies. In the meantime, a heat exchange system between the rink and the library optimizes the financial, energy and environmental resources of the community.
These two complementary uses, which require opposing hot and cold requirements, allow loop energy transfer for nearly six months of the year, reducing the scale of energy systems and energy demands. Without compromising performance improvements in the future, today’s technical capabilities exploit the integration of collective resources to ensure an exemplary and sustainable development of the financial and environmental resources of the Drummondville Library project.
▼圖書館一側，partial view of the library ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
靈活多變的公共空間
A civic space that fills the site
建築師希望該項目能作用於整個區域，因此他們從更廣的角度思考了圖書館作為市政設施，如何更好的服務於公園內的大型市政綜合體。該區域正與城市主要商業及人流聚集區林賽大街逐漸脫節，顯得日益孤立。圖書館項目的主要目的即成為具有催化作用的紐帶，改善這一現象。為了解決這一問題，建築師在設計圖書館各環節時，充分考慮了圖書館與場地內溜冰場的有機結合。
圖書館的選址與城市電力線相鄰。以電力線為中軸，圖書館與溜冰場分列兩側，圖書館的主體建築沿著地役線位於西側，與德斯福格斯街相連；溜冰場及其附屬建築在西側。這樣的選址策略一方面提升了區域內設施的整體性，使的市民可以由Jardin des Voltigeurs花園的人行道，一路到達林賽街；另一方面可在人行道邊創造出可供季節性活動的公共空間。
The architects desired to work with the entire site; they considered the library building from a broader perspective, as a civic facility part of a large integrated civic complex within a park. The main objective was to use this project as a catalyst to reverse the growing isolation the site was facing as it was becoming cut off from Lindsay Street, the main commercial and human-scale avenue of the city. To address this problem, they engaged a dialogue between the other project on the site: the skating rink, as well as the various components of the library.
Physically, the project positions itself on the site in relation to the power line, positioning itself on either side of the easement. Using the axis of the power line as a mirror, the main library building sits along the easement line to the east, linked to Des Forges Street, while the skating rink and its accessory building are on the west side. This strategy creates the impression of a single larger project, reaching Lindsay Street with a linear walkway along a garden – the Jardin des Voltigeurs – and creating a public space on the street, which can be used for seasonal events.
▼圖書館與城市電力線相鄰，並創造出街邊公共空間。The project positions itself on the site in relation to the power line, creating a public space on the street. ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
項目中大部分停車位及大型商店被設置於南側，成為視覺及聽覺屏障。圖書館內合理分佈的空間結構，將逐步承辦越來越多的，以體育及文化發展相關主題為主的市政公共性節目。該場地可根據節目類型做出調整，提供合適的場地舉辦節日慶典，日間夏令營，曲棍球比賽等，甚至開設聖誕節集市。
By locating most of the parking to the south alongside the big box retailers, which also creates a visual and sound barrier, all the project’s components fall into their appropriate place. This organizational structure of the site both grounds the library and allows the municipality to gradually increase programming to reflect the seasons and the municipality’s sports and cultural development priorities. The site will vibrate to the rhythm of festivals, day camps, hockey games or even host Christmas markets.
▼建築外的公共空間， public space around the building. ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
建築外牆上的“鐵熔渣，藍鋼及木材”
Iron slag, blue steel and wood – the building envelope
建築外牆的設計考慮了諸多因素。首先，建築師設計了適用於圖書館的高性能外牆，既符合可持續性發展要求，又確保了建築形態的統一性。建築不鏽鋼外殼上覆蓋有半透明的玻璃面板，該陶瓷玻璃板很好的控制了日光的獲取。透明面板保證了讀者遠眺場地的視野，並同時為工作，休閒及閱讀空間引入自然光。
其次，外牆將德拉蒙德維爾的城市印記嵌入建築外牆，形成獨特的建築風貌。設計師靈感來源於象徵城市第一次重工業崛起的鐵熔渣及藍色鍊鋼殘渣，這些材料被大量使用於城市道路的基礎建設。這些工業副產物形成的乳白色建築外觀，也能讓遊客聯想到冰。建築外牆的部分位置，穿孔鋼板會在陶瓷或半透明玻璃後產生藍色的印跡，再次點明鐵熔渣的意向。建築樓梯及二層樓板採用了加工過的木材，與建築外牆的藍色結合形成獨特景觀。
The design of the building envelope stems from several considerations. First, the architects created a high-performance envelope in terms of sustainable development, appropriate for a library while ensuring a certain uniformity. Translucent glass panels cover a stainless-steel envelope, ceramic glass panels control solar gain and transparent panels offer directed views of the site and provide natural light for the work, relaxation and reading spaces.
Secondly, a unique specificity was given to the envelope by embedding physical traces of Drummondville within the thickness of the envelope. The architects drew inspiration from the iron slag; the blue-tinted residue is a reminder of the first heavy industry in Drummondville, large quantities of which were produced and likely the foundations of several local streets. The milky appearance of this industrial by-product can also be associated to the whiteness of ice. At certain moments in the envelope, the use of perforated steel creates a bluish watermark behind the ceramic or translucent glass, a reminder of the iron slag. Combined with the warmth of the worked wood in the staircase and the wooden floor on the second floor, the blue tint gives the envelope a unique dimension.
▼適用於圖書館的高性能外牆，透明面板保證建築內視野，並引入自然光. High-performance envelope appropriate for a library, transparent panels offer directed views of the site and provide natural light ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
圖書館的空間佈局
Organization of the library
圖書館及市政項目內的其他建築（例如德拉蒙德維爾歷史，藝術和文化展覽館與移民局）都採用了打破常規的佈局。首先，就像在購物中心或火車站一樣，建築師認為人們進入圖書館的方式應該不受限制。因此，空間的中心被設置為咖啡廳。咖啡廳中餐桌的位置經由特殊設計或能吸引人們的注意，或為使用者提供私密性。
The layout of the library and other programming elements, such as the Drummondville Historic Society and the Arts and Culture and Immigration Department is untraditional. From the outset the architects decided that people should be able to enter the site freely, as one would a shopping centre or a train station; a café was therefore placed at its centre with tables positioned to take in attractive vantage points or offer privacy.
▼咖啡廳，café ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
除了要求的次級入口，建築另設有兩個主入口，一個通往停車場，一個通往德斯弗格斯路上的公園，公園由Jardin des vlotigeurs公園的人行道連接。在關閉德斯佛格斯路上的入口，北側樓梯及南側技術服務後，公眾在圖書館開放時間之外也可使用建築中心的流線型櫃檯。該櫃檯的設計參照了酒店大堂，鼓勵使用者自助服務，因此即使持續開放也對整體空間影響較小。
圖書館的多功能廳不僅在白天適用於多種場合，在夜間還可以作為劇場使用。多功能廳配備有控制室及化妝間，當幕布拉開，功能廳內的舞臺朝向圖書館內部庭院。多功能廳位於圖書館中心，緊鄰主樓梯，可容納100人。廳內配備有可供演出，訓練或市政活動的多媒體影音設備。
▼首層平面，first floor plan @Chevalier Morales Architectes
Alongside the required secondary entrances, two main entrances were created, one opening onto the parking lot and the other opening onto the park on the Des Forges Street side, which can be reached through the linear walkway and the Jardin des Voltigeurs. The building can remain open outside library hours by closing the entrance opening onto Des Forges Street, sealing off the north staircase and closing technical services to the south. This approach leaves only the circulation counter in the central space accessible, which has a minimal impact on the space due to its discrete hotel lobby counter design, which equally encourages the use of the automated circulation services.
This enables the multifunctional room to be alive both in the evening as a space for theatre or during the day as a multi-purpose space. Equipped with dressing rooms and a control room, the multifunctional room is equipped with a stage that can open onto the inner courtyard when the curtains are drawn. This room, located in the center of the library near the main staircase, can accommodate a hundred people and has complete scenographic and multimedia equipment for the performance of shows, training, municipal events.
▼通行空間，bridging space ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼圖書館內自助服務系統，automated circulation services ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
建築的中心擁有超高的垂直空間，放置有由兩個偏心螺旋樓梯組成的組合型樓梯，樓梯富有雕塑般的藝術感。樓梯創造了若干小空間，通往圖書館，展覽區和毗鄰期刊閱覽室的花園。樓梯寬闊的中心平臺具有雙重功能，即可用作陳列收藏品或其他展品，亦為遊客提供停頓或選擇方向的空間，強化了圖書館自助式服務的設計理念。
▼雕塑般的樓梯，grand sculptural staircase ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
At the center of the space, within an impressive double-height space, unfolds the vertical circulation: a grand sculptural staircase composed of two off-centered helical stairs, opening several vantage points onto the library, the exhibition areas and the garden adjacent to the periodical reading room. The large intermediate landing of this staircase serves a dual purpose: it can be used to showcase collections or objects on display and gives visitors a place to pause or change direction, reinforcing the idea of free circulation.
▼樓梯內的小空間，space within the stairecase ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
建築二樓亦可欣賞到建築內的兩個花園，花園空間劃分出二樓的兩個主要區域：小說閱讀區及非小說成年閱讀區，非小說閱讀區通往南側的露臺。以上兩區域之間，圖書館南側設置有與看臺相鄰的電子圖書閱覽室及青少年閱覽室。這樣的功能排布不僅提供了家庭活動空間以連接成人與青少年區域，還形成了獨特的觀景空間，遊客可在此看到冬季裡溜冰場上的運動賽事，和夏季裡各類活動舉辦的盛況。
The two gardens remain present on the second floor and help define the level’s two main areas: fiction and non-fiction for adults, the latter also leading to the terrace located to the south. Between these two areas on the south side of the library is an electronic library and an area for teens, both adjacent to the bleachers. These create both a space for families, bridging the children and adult areas, and a unique space that offers views of the skating rink and winter sports, or, in summer, views of an area where a wide range of activities can take place.
▼閱覽室，reading room ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼閱覽室，reading room ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼總平面，master plan ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼一層平面，first floor plan ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼二層平面，secondary floor plan ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼建築剖面，section ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
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