项目简介
Introduction
德拉蒙德维尔（Drummondville）图书馆建造方案选自建筑竞赛获奖作品，方案巧妙地将历史，文化及诗意的表达融入城市与建筑中。200年前，一群士兵来到德拉蒙德维尔开启农耕生活，从而建立起这座城市。自那时起，圣佛朗索瓦河即成为德拉蒙德维尔，和魁北克中部地区历史文化故事中举足轻重的角色。
几年后，借着铁路及一系列水力发电大坝建设的东风，该市以圣弗朗索瓦河为基础，发展了其主要经济驱动力：工业及水利涡轮。德拉蒙德维尔在度过一段艰难时光后，开始竭力发展经济。新图书馆的建设，象征着城市努力向前的进程正迈入高潮，同时，也在城市中心为市民提供了充满活力的公共空间。
▼项目概况，overview ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
Originating from an architectural competition, the Drummondville Library project transposes the historical, cultural and poetic essence of the region into a studied urban and architectural composition. Since the city was founded by a garrison of soldiers-turned-farmers 200 years ago, the Saint-François River has been the main protagonist in the historical and cultural tale of Drummondville and the central Quebec region.
Crossed by a railway a few years later and exploited by a series of hydro-electric dams, the Saint-François River enabled the city to develop its main economic drivers: industry and turbines. Following a difficult period, Drummondville is now embracing the future thanks to its intensive efforts in economic development, welcoming the new library as the culmination of these efforts and a as dynamic civic space in the heart of the city center.
▼建筑全景，overview ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
图书馆的环保价值
The environnemental dimension
直到今天，德拉蒙德维尔图书馆的可持续发展战略仍在不断完善，未来可期。当前技术及知识，为如何有效、快速降低建造成本与提升空间舒适度，提供了简洁的答案。建筑机电的设计秉承灵活性原则，以确保建筑的现有设备能适应未来可能的技术升级。此外，图书馆与溜冰场之间的热能交换系统，优化了区域内的财务，能源及环境资源。
这种相辅相成的能量系统，以两方对于冷热的不同需求为基础，在一年的近六个月时间里形成能量传输环路，以此降低能源系统规模及需求。在不影响图书馆未来性能改进的前提下，现有技术通过有效的能源整合，确保了项目经济及环境资源的示范性可持续化发展。
The sustainable development vision of the Drummondville library remains, still today, prospective and evolving. The current technical knowledge simplifies the answers to the immediate imperatives of cost and increasing the comfort within the space. The basic electromechanical concept is based on flexibility, ensuring the current equipment can adapt in the future to the evolution of knowledge and technologies. In the meantime, a heat exchange system between the rink and the library optimizes the financial, energy and environmental resources of the community.
These two complementary uses, which require opposing hot and cold requirements, allow loop energy transfer for nearly six months of the year, reducing the scale of energy systems and energy demands. Without compromising performance improvements in the future, today’s technical capabilities exploit the integration of collective resources to ensure an exemplary and sustainable development of the financial and environmental resources of the Drummondville Library project.
▼图书馆一侧，partial view of the library ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
灵活多变的公共空间
A civic space that fills the site
建筑师希望该项目能作用于整个区域，因此他们从更广的角度思考了图书馆作为市政设施，如何更好的服务于公园内的大型市政综合体。该区域正与城市主要商业及人流聚集区林赛大街逐渐脱节，显得日益孤立。图书馆项目的主要目的即成为具有催化作用的纽带，改善这一现象。为了解决这一问题，建筑师在设计图书馆各环节时，充分考虑了图书馆与场地内溜冰场的有机结合。
图书馆的选址与城市电力线相邻。以电力线为中轴，图书馆与溜冰场分列两侧，图书馆的主体建筑沿着地役线位于西侧，与德斯福格斯街相连；溜冰场及其附属建筑在西侧。这样的选址策略一方面提升了区域内设施的整体性，使的市民可以由Jardin des Voltigeurs花园的人行道，一路到达林赛街；另一方面可在人行道边创造出可供季节性活动的公共空间。
The architects desired to work with the entire site; they considered the library building from a broader perspective, as a civic facility part of a large integrated civic complex within a park. The main objective was to use this project as a catalyst to reverse the growing isolation the site was facing as it was becoming cut off from Lindsay Street, the main commercial and human-scale avenue of the city. To address this problem, they engaged a dialogue between the other project on the site: the skating rink, as well as the various components of the library.
Physically, the project positions itself on the site in relation to the power line, positioning itself on either side of the easement. Using the axis of the power line as a mirror, the main library building sits along the easement line to the east, linked to Des Forges Street, while the skating rink and its accessory building are on the west side. This strategy creates the impression of a single larger project, reaching Lindsay Street with a linear walkway along a garden – the Jardin des Voltigeurs – and creating a public space on the street, which can be used for seasonal events.
▼图书馆与城市电力线相邻，并创造出街边公共空间。The project positions itself on the site in relation to the power line, creating a public space on the street. ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
项目中大部分停车位及大型商店被设置于南侧，成为视觉及听觉屏障。图书馆内合理分布的空间结构，将逐步承办越来越多的，以体育及文化发展相关主题为主的市政公共性节目。该场地可根据节目类型做出调整，提供合适的场地举办节日庆典，日间夏令营，曲棍球比赛等，甚至开设圣诞节集市。
By locating most of the parking to the south alongside the big box retailers, which also creates a visual and sound barrier, all the project’s components fall into their appropriate place. This organizational structure of the site both grounds the library and allows the municipality to gradually increase programming to reflect the seasons and the municipality’s sports and cultural development priorities. The site will vibrate to the rhythm of festivals, day camps, hockey games or even host Christmas markets.
▼建筑外的公共空间， public space around the building. ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
建筑外墙上的“铁熔渣，蓝钢及木材”
Iron slag, blue steel and wood – the building envelope
建筑外墙的设计考虑了诸多因素。首先，建筑师设计了适用于图书馆的高性能外墙，既符合可持续性发展要求，又确保了建筑形态的统一性。建筑不锈钢外壳上覆盖有半透明的玻璃面板，该陶瓷玻璃板很好的控制了日光的获取。透明面板保证了读者远眺场地的视野，并同时为工作，休闲及阅读空间引入自然光。
其次，外墙将德拉蒙德维尔的城市印记嵌入建筑外墙，形成独特的建筑风貌。设计师灵感来源于象征城市第一次重工业崛起的铁熔渣及蓝色炼钢残渣，这些材料被大量使用于城市道路的基础建设。这些工业副产物形成的乳白色建筑外观，也能让游客联想到冰。建筑外墙的部分位置，穿孔钢板会在陶瓷或半透明玻璃后产生蓝色的印迹，再次点明铁熔渣的意向。建筑楼梯及二层楼板采用了加工过的木材，与建筑外墙的蓝色结合形成独特景观。
The design of the building envelope stems from several considerations. First, the architects created a high-performance envelope in terms of sustainable development, appropriate for a library while ensuring a certain uniformity. Translucent glass panels cover a stainless-steel envelope, ceramic glass panels control solar gain and transparent panels offer directed views of the site and provide natural light for the work, relaxation and reading spaces.
Secondly, a unique specificity was given to the envelope by embedding physical traces of Drummondville within the thickness of the envelope. The architects drew inspiration from the iron slag; the blue-tinted residue is a reminder of the first heavy industry in Drummondville, large quantities of which were produced and likely the foundations of several local streets. The milky appearance of this industrial by-product can also be associated to the whiteness of ice. At certain moments in the envelope, the use of perforated steel creates a bluish watermark behind the ceramic or translucent glass, a reminder of the iron slag. Combined with the warmth of the worked wood in the staircase and the wooden floor on the second floor, the blue tint gives the envelope a unique dimension.
▼适用于图书馆的高性能外墙，透明面板保证建筑内视野，并引入自然光. High-performance envelope appropriate for a library, transparent panels offer directed views of the site and provide natural light ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
图书馆的空间布局
Organization of the library
图书馆及市政项目内的其他建筑（例如德拉蒙德维尔历史，艺术和文化展览馆与移民局）都采用了打破常规的布局。首先，就像在购物中心或火车站一样，建筑师认为人们进入图书馆的方式应该不受限制。因此，空间的中心被设置为咖啡厅。咖啡厅中餐桌的位置经由特殊设计或能吸引人们的注意，或为使用者提供私密性。
The layout of the library and other programming elements, such as the Drummondville Historic Society and the Arts and Culture and Immigration Department is untraditional. From the outset the architects decided that people should be able to enter the site freely, as one would a shopping centre or a train station; a café was therefore placed at its centre with tables positioned to take in attractive vantage points or offer privacy.
▼咖啡厅，café ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
除了要求的次级入口，建筑另设有两个主入口，一个通往停车场，一个通往德斯弗格斯路上的公园，公园由Jardin des vlotigeurs公园的人行道连接。在关闭德斯佛格斯路上的入口，北侧楼梯及南侧技术服务后，公众在图书馆开放时间之外也可使用建筑中心的流线型柜台。该柜台的设计参照了酒店大堂，鼓励使用者自助服务，因此即使持续开放也对整体空间影响较小。
图书馆的多功能厅不仅在白天适用于多种场合，在夜间还可以作为剧场使用。多功能厅配备有控制室及化妆间，当幕布拉开，功能厅内的舞台朝向图书馆内部庭院。多功能厅位于图书馆中心，紧邻主楼梯，可容纳100人。厅内配备有可供演出，训练或市政活动的多媒体影音设备。
▼首层平面，first floor plan @Chevalier Morales Architectes
Alongside the required secondary entrances, two main entrances were created, one opening onto the parking lot and the other opening onto the park on the Des Forges Street side, which can be reached through the linear walkway and the Jardin des Voltigeurs. The building can remain open outside library hours by closing the entrance opening onto Des Forges Street, sealing off the north staircase and closing technical services to the south. This approach leaves only the circulation counter in the central space accessible, which has a minimal impact on the space due to its discrete hotel lobby counter design, which equally encourages the use of the automated circulation services.
This enables the multifunctional room to be alive both in the evening as a space for theatre or during the day as a multi-purpose space. Equipped with dressing rooms and a control room, the multifunctional room is equipped with a stage that can open onto the inner courtyard when the curtains are drawn. This room, located in the center of the library near the main staircase, can accommodate a hundred people and has complete scenographic and multimedia equipment for the performance of shows, training, municipal events.
▼通行空间，bridging space ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼图书馆内自助服务系统，automated circulation services ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
建筑的中心拥有超高的垂直空间，放置有由两个偏心螺旋楼梯组成的组合型楼梯，楼梯富有雕塑般的艺术感。楼梯创造了若干小空间，通往图书馆，展览区和毗邻期刊阅览室的花园。楼梯宽阔的中心平台具有双重功能，即可用作陈列收藏品或其他展品，亦为游客提供停顿或选择方向的空间，强化了图书馆自助式服务的设计理念。
▼雕塑般的楼梯，grand sculptural staircase ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
At the center of the space, within an impressive double-height space, unfolds the vertical circulation: a grand sculptural staircase composed of two off-centered helical stairs, opening several vantage points onto the library, the exhibition areas and the garden adjacent to the periodical reading room. The large intermediate landing of this staircase serves a dual purpose: it can be used to showcase collections or objects on display and gives visitors a place to pause or change direction, reinforcing the idea of free circulation.
▼楼梯内的小空间，space within the stairecase ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
建筑二楼亦可欣赏到建筑内的两个花园，花园空间划分出二楼的两个主要区域：小说阅读区及非小说成年阅读区，非小说阅读区通往南侧的露台。以上两区域之间，图书馆南侧设置有与看台相邻的电子图书阅览室及青少年阅览室。这样的功能排布不仅提供了家庭活动空间以连接成人与青少年区域，还形成了独特的观景空间，游客可在此看到冬季里溜冰场上的运动赛事，和夏季里各类活动举办的盛况。
The two gardens remain present on the second floor and help define the level’s two main areas: fiction and non-fiction for adults, the latter also leading to the terrace located to the south. Between these two areas on the south side of the library is an electronic library and an area for teens, both adjacent to the bleachers. These create both a space for families, bridging the children and adult areas, and a unique space that offers views of the skating rink and winter sports, or, in summer, views of an area where a wide range of activities can take place.
▼阅览室，reading room ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼阅览室，reading room ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼总平面，master plan ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼一层平面，first floor plan ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼二层平面，secondary floor plan ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
▼建筑剖面，section ©Chevalier Morales Architectes
閱讀更多 設計森林 的文章
