引出主题
①提出主题词②辅助解释③名人解释④现实解释
①Habits are a funny thing.②We <strong>reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on <strong>auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.③“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. ④In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.
转折提出新观点
①顺承上文②转折词用研究推翻①
①So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. ②But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
论证说明：新习惯带来创造
①明确观点，新习惯带来自身改变②递进说明，新事物带来新创造
①<strong>Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.②In fact, the more new things we try —— the more we step outside our comfort zone —— the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
论证说明：旧习惯不用理会
①转承上文，旧习惯不消除②新旧可以共存
①But don’t <strong>bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay.②Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
引用他人观点论述：两重对比凸显创新重要
①②创新首要条件与当下情况对比③决定和好奇的本质差异
①“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.② “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ”③ She adds, however, that “<strong>to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. ④A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
具体验证：创新重要性
①引用他人观点②③现实情况描述
①All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says.②Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively.③At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
明确观点：培养新习惯的意义
①承接上文思维模式少了一半②③④标准化测试带来的影响④解决措施⑤全文主旨
①The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.②“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —— that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms. Markova's business partner.③“That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it <strong>fosters commonness. ④Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” ⑤This is where developing new habits comes in.
细节21. In Wordsworth’s view，“habits” is characterized by being ___________.
[A] casual
[B] familiar
[C] mechanical
[D] changeable
细节22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be ___________.
[A] predicted
[B] regulated
[C] traced
[D] guided
词义23. The word “ruts” ( line 1, paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to__________.
[A] tracks
[B] series
[C] characteristics
[D] connections
细节24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that__________.
[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind
[B] innovativeness could be taught
[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
[D] curiosity activates creative minds
细节25. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing __________.
[A] prevents new habits form being formed
[B] no longer emphasizes commonness
[C] maintains the inherent American thinking model
[D] complies with the American belief system
生词
<strong>reach for 伸手去拿，按其行事
<strong>auto-pilot 自动驾驶模式
<strong>dismissing 认为..不重要
<strong>bother 花费精力做..
<strong>fosters 助长
难句
<strong>Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit
不是将自己视为毫无变化的习惯下的生物
<strong>to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.
做决定只保留一种可能性杀死其他可能性
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