澳大利亞St. Andrews海濱別墅
St. Andrews Beach House / Austin Maynard Architects
來自建築事務所的描述： St Andrews海濱別墅半徑不足5米，如同景觀體量。建築看起來形式低調，有著歐幾里得幾何形態，位於沙地之中，同時滿足各種生活功能。
Text description provided by the architects. Less than five meters in radius, St Andrews Beach House is an object in the landscape. A Euclidean form set amongst the rough and sandy terrain it provides - in modest form - everything you would need and want in a beach shack.
項目概要：澳大利亞擁有世界上最大的房屋，郊區的度假小屋也愈發常見。St Andrews海濱別墅的業主已經認識到這一點，因此他希望建築師能夠設計一座“Bach”，這在新西蘭語中意思是低調的小型基礎棚屋。
The Basic Brief: Australians have some of the biggest houses in the world and holiday houses are increasingly becoming carbon copies of the suburban home. The owner of St Andrews Beach House recognized this. He challenged us to design him a ‘bach’ - a New Zealand word used to describe a very modest, small and basic shack, or shed.
St Andrews海濱別墅位於維多利亞Mornington半島，沒有購物區，也沒有餐廳。角落有一間商店和一座啤酒廠。這是寧靜、隱秘、美麗的海岸，還有一些澳大利亞著名的住宅建築。客戶有幸擁有毗鄰國家公園的土地，靠近海岸。
The Where: Located on Victoria’s Mornington Peninsula, St Andrews Beach has no shopping strip and no restaurants. There’s a corner store, a brewery, and not much else. What it does offer is serenity and seclusion, a wildly beautiful coastline, and some of the most celebrated residential architecture in Australia. The owner was fortunate enough to own land abutting national parkland, close to the foreshore and directly within the sand dunes.
圓形和環形交叉路口：St Andrews海濱別墅是一座兩層的圓形度假屋，充分利用了所在地的偏僻環境和廣闊的視野，建築向四面八方延伸。建築獨立存在，周圍環繞著野生灌木、崎嶇的沙丘和灌木叢。建築整體地融入環境，沒有相鄰的形式可以呼應，簡潔的設計和適度的兩居室海濱別墅似乎有著天馬行空的想象空間。房屋的形狀源於對景觀的呼應和室內空間的簡化。建築沒有走廊，建築師認為，走廊空間是一種浪費，這種圓形的空間形式不適合應用走廊。
Circles and Roundabouts: St Andrews Beach House is a two-story circular holiday home that takes advantage of the remoteness of the site and expansive views, which extend in all directions. The house stands alone, in amongst wild bush, rugged sand dunes and scrub. The location is fragile and the house respectfully integrates into the environment. With no neighboring forms to respond to, the brief - to design a modest, two-bedroom beach house, was freely imagined. The shape of the house grew from a response to the views and the simplification of the interior spaces. At St Andrews Beach House there are no corridors. Corridors and circulation space are, in our view, a waste. A corridor free home lends itself to a circular design.
去往海灘：海灘房屋可以讓使用者享受簡單的放鬆，遠離城市，與家人和朋友一起享受寧靜。相比起傳統建築，其維護成本較低，並且更加的自由與簡單，但是同時仍然應該有著一定的舒適性。澳大利亞擁有世界上最大的房屋，郊區的度假小屋也愈發常見，St Andrews海濱別墅的業主已經認識到這一點，因此他希望建築師能夠設計一座“Bach”，這在新西蘭語中意思是低調的小型基礎棚屋，這種建築一般由回收材料建造而成。無論擁有多少財富，你都應該擁有自己的“Bach”，這是最為基本的生活必需品。因此客戶也因此希望建築師在沙灘上設計建造這座“Bach”。
To the Beach and Bach: Beach houses exist for simple relaxation, an escape from the city, for quietude and downtime with family and friends. It should provide contrast from day-to-day normality, be super low maintenance, relatively self-sustaining and basic, but not without simple creature comforts. Australians have some of the biggest houses in the world and, increasingly so, Australian holiday houses are becoming carbon copies of the suburban home. Simple shacks are replaced with oversized structures that are all too literally a-home-away-from-home. The owner of St Andrews Beach House recognized this. In his brief he would frequently use the term ‘bach’ - a word used in New Zealand to describe the rough and ready beach shacks built mostly in the mid-century from found and recycled materials. Regardless of how much money you’ve made, you get yourself a bach, and that bach has to be the most basic, down-to-earth thing. The owner challenged us to design and build him a ‘bach’ in the dunes.
沙灘中的圓形：St Andrews海濱別墅半徑不足5米，如同景觀體量。建築看起來形式低調，有著歐幾里得幾何形態，位於沙地之中，同時滿足各種生活功能。建築的圓形平面構成體量，因此也有著合理的平面佈局，內部空間也因此而產生，平面遵循形式規則，引導和佈置劃分空間的區段，建築以螺旋樓梯為核心，有著光線和空氣，也有著舒適的空間。該建築展示了木材的創新用途，即細膩的細節和外露的門框。這座海濱別墅並非完美，但是卻具有輕鬆的氛圍，所使用的材料也呼應了碼頭的特徵。
A Circle in the Sand: Less than five meters in radius, St Andrews Beach House is an object in the landscape. A Euclidean form set amongst the rough terrain. The plan of the house is generated using the rational and precise geometry, as the circle extrudes into a tube. The internal spaces are generated by a tightly controlled plan adhering to the rules of form, guiding and arranging segments that divide the space, with a spiral staircase as its central core, providing light and air but also snug spaces. The house displays an innovative use of timber, with chunky details and exposed portal frames. This is not a slick beach house, but a relaxed and informal escape, designed with materials that will patina and weather, like an old coastal wharf.
建築前側：建築有多種前側景觀視角，並沒有主導方向，也不需要正面、背面和側面，St Andrew海濱別墅始終朝前。其一樓設有廚房、起居室、用餐室、浴室和洗衣房。當雙摺門打開時，內部的開放式平臺區域將空間結合在一起。許多人都夢想有著諸如老式澳大利亞住宅那樣的露臺，在該項目中，露臺已經超越了自身的功能，構成了建築的內外兩層空間。
All Front: The house has multiple outlooks. Without a dominant orientation there is no need for a front, back and sides, St Andrew Beach House is all front. The ground floor comprises of kitchen, living, and dining, with a bathroom and a laundry. An open deck area, within the tube, unites the spaces when the bi-fold doors are opened. Most Australians want a deck or veranda, instead of adding something to the outside, like that of the classic old Australian home, at St Andrews Beach House the deck has been eroded out of the form itself, creating a two-story space that’s both outside and inside.
無論躺在哪裡，都是我的床：中央螺旋樓梯通往樓上的浴室和臥室區域，與傳統的臥室佈局不同，樓上的睡眠區基本上是一個由窗簾隔開的雙層房。St Andrews海濱別墅是休閒和放鬆的場所，其睡眠區是唯一的限制。當達到這個面積極限時，使用者就可以在外部打開帳篷躺在沙子上，以天為蓋，感受星空。
Wherever I lay my head, that’s my bed: A central spiral staircase leads upstairs to the bathroom and bedroom zone. Unlike a traditional bedroom layout, the upstairs sleeping area is essentially one bunk room, separated by curtains. (space can also function as a second living or games room.) Rather than design, a series of sealed bedrooms, each with ensuite and walk-in-robe, the sleeping zone at St Andrews Beach House is informal, casual and relaxed, where floor space is the only limitation. And when that limitation is reached, guests are invited to pitch a tent on the soft sand outside and use the house as a central hub.
非典型生活：單缸混凝土水箱是海濱別墅的標誌，從這裡開始，你可以離開汽車、道路、煩惱和其他一切。雖然建築仍然十分精確，但是圓形的幾何形狀看起來非同尋常，使用者可以感受不同的生活方式。在標準的平面佈局中，每個人都會覺得一切自如，但是如果在圓形的佈局之中，使用者會感受到強烈的開放氣息，無論水平與垂直，都有著自由的特性。
Atypical living: A single cylinder concrete water tank acts as a gateway marker to the beach house, from here onwards you leave cars, the road, your troubles and everything else behind. Though the building is precise, following the rigid geometry of a circle, staying here provides a complete escape from regular life. Not adhering to a typical layout allows you, if not forces you, to live differently. With a standard home arrangement (a long corridor, with rooms leading off etc.) everyone knows how to use the spaces, a circular home with strong open connections horizontally and diagonally throughout, serves to both engage and liberate.
可持續性：St Andrews海濱別墅的半徑不到5米，在沙丘中佔據非常小的空間。Austin Maynard Architects事務所的作品中，可持續性都是該項目的核心。使用的材料堅固耐用，適合該地氣候。被動太陽能原理通過設計最大化。所有窗戶均為雙層玻璃。帶微型逆變器的太陽能電池板覆蓋屋頂，提供電力水力，建築不使用化石燃料，沒有天然氣。大型圓柱形混凝土水箱收集雨水，使其得以再利用。
Sustainability: St Andrews Beach House stands at less than five meters in radius, creating a very small footprint amongst the dunes. Like all of Austin Maynard Architects buildings, sustainability is at the core of this project. The materials used are robust and designed to weather. Passive solar principals are maximized by the design. All windows are double-glazed. Solar panels with micro-inverters cover the roof providing electric hydronic- no fossil fuels, no gas. A large cylinder concrete water tank collects rainwater, captured and reused to flush toilets and water the garden.
該街區已經過清理，並且與道路相連接。由於沙地的存在，建築需要很深的基礎，施工很困難。園林綠化和保留現有的動物群對於減少由風引起的噴砂特別重要。
The block had been previously cleared and connected to the road for services. Construction was difficult as shifting sands required deep footings. Landscaping and retaining the existing fauna was especially important to minimize sandblasting caused by wind.
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