中考“複合句考點”精品彙

複合句就是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句為句子的主體,從句不能獨立,只能作全句的一個句子成分,需要通過從屬連詞、關係代詞、關係副詞、連接副詞等與主句連接起來。中考主要會考查的是賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。

一、賓語從句,天下誰人不識君

首先請看部分中考真題:

1.-Could you tell me _____ the Bamboo Garden?

-The day after tomorrow, I think.

A. when will you visit B. when you will visit

C. when would you visit D. when you would visit

2.-Do you know _______ Mr Green will come?

-Yes, I think he will come.

A. What time B. where C. how D. whether

3.I heard that she was singing at that time. (改為簡單句,保持句意不變)

答案:1. B,2. D,3. I heard her singing at that time.

結論:1.如果主句是一般過去的時態,賓語從句則也要用表示過去的時態——但表客觀事實、科學真理等仍要用一般現在時。

2.由一般疑問句改為賓語從句時要注意加關聯詞if或whether,由特殊疑問句改為賓語從句時不要丟下連接代詞和連接副詞,表示一般疑問意義和特殊疑問意義的賓語從句,其語序與陳述句的語序相同,即主語在前,謂語動詞在後。

3.含“是否、有否”等一般疑問意的賓語從句,由從屬連詞if或whether作關聯詞;而示“誰、誰的、什麼、哪個、什麼時候、什麼地方、怎樣、為什麼等”特殊疑問意義的賓語從句,所用的關聯詞相當於特殊疑問句中的疑問代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why——這時它們稱作連接代詞和連接副詞,這類賓語從句有時還用whoever,whatever,whichever等合成詞引導。

4. 含賓語從句的複合句多數能在保持句意不變的前提下,進行簡化——這可是中考命題老師們喜歡的特別“小甜點”——首當其衝,用不定式替換賓語從句;略施小計,把賓語從句改作名詞(短語);見機而作,讓賓語從句改為“賓語+現在分詞或過去分詞或形容詞(作賓語補足語)”;特殊手法,把賓語從句變身為“V-ing形式”。

中考“複合句考點”精品彙

二、狀語從句,生活有你更精彩

(一)時態呼應

1.複合句一般都會遵循主、從句時態呼應規律,狀語從句也不例外:即主句用現在時,從句也用現在時;主句用過去時,從句也用過去的某種時態。如:Be careful when you cross the road.

2.主句是一般過去時,從句也要用一般過去時。例如:My brother could swim when he was seven years old.

3.但狀語從句有一個怪脾氣:如果主句是一般將來時態,從句偏不用將來時態,而用一般現在時替代。例如:I won't go there if it’s rainy tomorrow.

(二)賓從、狀從並肩戰,if與when巧分辨

不少中考題故意將“賓從”與“狀從”混合考,這時要引起注意的是:①從句式看,賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之後,而狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或後面;

②從引導詞看,if充當賓語從句的引導詞時,與whether“同謀”,為“是否”,而引導條件狀語從句,充當從屬連詞時,為“如果、倘若”;when充當賓語從句的連接詞時,詞義為“什麼時候/何時”,充當從屬連詞,引導時間狀語從句時,詞義為“當……的時、當時”;

③從時態看,if和when作連接詞,引導賓語從句時,其謂語動詞的時態應根據主句的謂語動詞的時態作相應的變化,if和when充當從屬連詞,引導表示將來動作或狀態的條件狀語從句或時間狀語從句時,若主句中的謂語動詞用了一般將來時,則從句中的謂語動詞通常用一般現在時表示將來。如:I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. 與If it rains, I will not go fishing. →I don't know if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, I will not go fishing.

同理,“Do you know when he will come tomorrow?”與“When he comes, please let me know.”也常同時“合二為一”考!

(三)句型轉換或連詞考查

⒈until、till“直到”,引導時間狀語從句——當主句謂語動詞是延續性動詞時,主句常用肯定形式;當主句謂語動詞是非延續性動詞時,主句要用否定形式,即“not ... until / till ...”意為“直到……才……”。例:

You can't go home until / till you finish your work.

但許多時候的until、till可與after/before/as soon as/if等詞相置換。如:

As soon as/If/When/After Jane leaves here, I'll post the letter to Mike. = I won’t post the letter to Mike until/before Jane leaves here.

⒉條件狀語從句有一個知心朋友,這個朋友有時可以替代條件狀語從句及其主句,它就是大家熟悉的“祈使句+and/then/or+簡單句”——其中and/then表句意順接;or則錶轉折,意為“否則、要不然(的話)”。例如:

If you walk faster, you'll catch the early bus. = Walk faster, you'll catch the early bus.

If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the early bus. = Hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus.

注:if…not=unless,所以上例又常與Unless you hurry up, or you'll miss the early bus. 異曲同工。

中考“複合句考點”精品彙

三、定語從句,我的美麗你會懂

被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之前,引導定語從句的詞有連詞that,關係代詞who,whom,whose,which,關係副詞when,where,why。如:

1. Winter is the time of year_____ the days are very short and cold.

A. when B. that C. where D. on which (選A)

2. 一Is the girl ______ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?

一Yes,she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose (選C)

下面幾種情形一般只用that:①當先行詞為all,much,little,few,nothing 等不定代詞時;②當先行詞有no,any,all,much,little,the only,the very,the same,the last等詞修飾時;③當先行詞由序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時;④當先行詞既有人又有物時。如:

1. I’m a football fan. I’m interested in everything ________ is about the 2006 World Cup.

A. who B. that C. where D. what (選B)

2. All _____ they have done is harmful for health.

A. what B. which C. why D. that (選D)

不看不知道,一看原來初中英語教材中(或中考)有那麼多簡化了的定語從句:放眼簡化後的定語從句,理解起來特別親切——下例中考實錄就是最好的證明(答案為C):

—What are on show in the museum?

—Some photos_____ by African children.

A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken

⒈愛作定語形容詞短語能“頂定語從句的班”。如:

Please help me carry the box which is full of new books to the classroom →Please help me carry the box full of new books to the classroom.

⒉用相應的介詞短語把定語從句“換下”。如:

The shoes that lie on that shelf are very popular these days. →The shoes on that shelf are very popular these days.

⒊不定式(短語)要來作定語,定語從句常“讓位”。如:

Is there anything else that we should do next? →Is there anything else for us to do next?

⒋現在分詞(短語)要來獨自作定語,定語從句只好“下課”。如:

The boy who is reading under that big tree is my good friend Jack.→The boy reading under that big tree is my good friend Jack.

⒌作定語的過去分詞短語與相應的定語從句“兌換”。如:

The man whom we name Lao Zhang is Li Lei’s uncle.→The man named Lao Zhang (by us) is Li Lei’s uncle.


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