SCI喜欢的文章该怎么写 – Material and Method

“All experiments were performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital according toNIH and European animal care guidelines, following the general procedures as employed at a different laboratory (Vanduffel et al., 2001).”

样本选择的可信度也是需要明确的。

“By using the same sample as XXX et al, a total of XX demographically matched patients with SZ with AVHs, XX patients with SZ without AVHs, and XX healthy control subjects were included in the experiment between Date1 and Date2.”

这里要清楚地描述参与者是如何被选择的,包含选择和排除的标准,以及对照样本的调整。

“Inclusion criteria were clinically definite MS according to the revised ‘McDonald criteria’ of 2005 and age between 18 and 60 years. Exclusion criteria were other neurological diseases (patients as well as healthy volunteers) and recent relapses (<3 months).”

2.Material and Methods – 材料和方法。

我们常常会引用别人成熟且被广泛认可的实验方法。在引用的时候,有这么几种说法:

SCI喜欢的文章该怎么写 – Material and Method

在介绍实验材料、试验程序以及所用技术的时候可以采用如下方法:指定使用的试剂和仪器(包括型号,制造商名称和地点)。

E.g. “All data were acquired on a Siemens 7 T Magnetom system, 3 T Trio, or 3 T customized HCP Skyra system using standard 32-channel receive coil arrays.”

运用到的药品和试剂一定要描述地非常清晰,包括使用剂量和摄入方式。

详细说明做了什么和具体步骤。描述所使用的程序和分析方法。如果是常用的已知的被广泛承认的方法,不用太啰嗦;但凡有一点变动,就要交代的非常清楚。

应该指示出实验中,哪些是从属/受控的变量,哪些是独立的/测量出的变量。

E.g. ‘’Functional data were acquired with a three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence with the following parameters: 176 images (repetition time =1,900 ms, echo time =2.26 ms, thickness =1.0 mm, gap =0.5 mm, acquisition matrix =256×256, field of view =250×250 mm, flip angle =9°) were obtained. Also, 240 functional images (repetition time =2,000 ms, echo time =30 ms, thickness =4.0 mm, gap =1.2 mm, acquisition matrix =64×64, flip angle =90°, field of view =220×220 mm, 29 axial) were obtained.”

条款和措施。 明确指出研究中使用的操作定义,分类标准和诊断等。

如果引用了标准的方法,请给出引用的参考。

E.g. “A 6-levelscore was used to address motion artefacts and homogeneity of the images: Motion Artefacts: 0: none, 1: almost not noticeable, 2: incidental motion, 3: some artefacts, 4: multiple artefacts, needs careful analysis, 5: high numbers of artefacts, precluding valid analysis. Homogeneity: 0: good homogeneity, 1: almost homogeneous images, 2: minorheterogeneity close to skull base and in temporal lobes, 3: heterogeneous signal at multiple locations, 4: high number of heterogeneous areas, 5: highly heterogeneous images, no valid analysis possible.”

样本量。

这部分可以单独写,也可以写在受试对象subject部分,当然最好在数据统计部分写清楚。郑重其事地说明本研究在正确的样本空间中使用了正确的公式计算。许多论文被拒是因为样本量太小,不具备足够的说服力。

数据管理:简要描述如何收集和验证数据。

数据质量如何保证?描述所使用的盲选法的类型(如果有的话)。

E.g. “A custom-built head coil cushion and earplugs were used to minimize head motion and dampen noise from the imaging unit. During data acquisition, subjects were asked to remain awake with their eyes closed and to keep their head still. Two hundred forty images were acquired, out of which four initial images were discarded. None of the patients reported the presence of AVHs during MR imaging; we therefore defined the current research as a trait study, as described by Jardri et al, used to investigate the neural substrates of the susceptibility to experience AVHs in patients with SZ. Further data analysis was performed under the instruction of two experienced radiologists (with 12 and 29 years of experience in MR research and neuroimaging, respectively)”. (Cui. et al. Radiology, 2017)

统计分析应自成段落。围绕着研究的目标和假设,按照应用顺序描述统计测试。通常的顺序如下:

首先提出被研究对象和对照人群的描述性统计,然后描述人群之间和之内的比较测试,随后描述关联的测试描述效应或关系。 在进行成对比较之前,使用全局测试的多重比较(例如ANOVA v t检验)。具体的对统计分析的解释和描述不在本文的覆盖范围内,拿不准的时候可以去找自己周围的专家咨询,而且最好是在实验开始前就已经已经确定下来, 并在初稿成型后不断的检验和完善。因为这一段会是挑剔的审稿人集中找毛病的地方,各位作者一定要千万谨慎。

最后,着重介绍一下容易犯错的地方。

a)细节描述太多。其实只需要包括让读者重新创建实验所需的内容即可。

b)在本节开头就详细列出实验所需的所有材料。实际上只需要在之后分段描述实验过程中提及使用的材料和设备即可。

c)未能描述数据管理手段和如何保证数据质量。

d)统计技术的描述不够充分。

e)需要包括对照实验的时候没有包含。

最后的最后,为大家提供一个checklist,当写完M&M部分的时候,请逐条对照检查。

A.这部分最多约1000个字(长度根据投稿要求变换;很多杂志甚至最后会将整个段落用小字置于正文最后);

B.写了本研究足够多的细节,可供别的科研工作者复制实验;

C.使用副标题来澄清陈述(副标题会是有检验的编辑,资深审稿人们最早检查的内容之一,万万不可轻视);

D.陈述了数据收集的研究设计和方法;

E.以明确的方式描述了招募受试者的方法;

F.解决了伦理问题;

G.描述了数据的质量保证;

H.清楚地描述程序,引用和参考了已有的方法和/或过程;

I.提供术语和标准操作的定义,并定义所使用的统计术语,缩略语,符号等;

J.证明统计功效和样本大小,描述统计参数和应用的测试; 并区分描述性和推理性统计;

K.描述正确使用测量参数和统计水平;

关于M&M部分,它应该在研究开始之前写,至少不要迟于首次试验研究。在开始撰写到最后定稿之前,都应该不断重新审视试验方法部分并修订(如有必要),使其与报告的结果保持一致。不是所有的实验都需要包含在一篇论文中,删除与当前研究想要表达主题无关的内容。M&M的一个重要功能就是,向别人展示,解释自己的研究方法。很多时候,别的科研工作者会利用你提供的数据来尝试着重复你的实验, 任何的不明确,模棱两可都会让你的文章质量和可信度在编辑、审稿人以及读者心中大打折扣。这一段其实是最讲究套路,而又最没有讨论的部分,希望大家自己慢慢体会。

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SCI喜欢的文章该怎么写 – Material and Method


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