尚學堂百戰程式設計師：用 Python 開發俄羅斯方塊

首先列出我的核心思路：

1，圖像由“核心變量”完全控制，圖像變化的本質是 變量的改變

2，自上而下式的思考，圖像變化的問題將一步步轉為 一系列具體的變量修改

3，“核心變量”在思考過程中並非不可變更，為了寫函數方便，可以適當讓步。

俄羅斯方塊遊戲是世界上最流行的遊戲之一。是由一名叫Alexey Pajitnov的俄羅斯程序員在1985年製作的，從那時起，這個遊戲就風靡了各個遊戲平臺。

俄羅斯方塊歸類為下落塊迷宮遊戲。遊戲有7個基本形狀：S、Z、T、L、反向L、直線、方塊，每個形狀都由4個方塊組成，方塊最終都會落到屏幕底部。所以玩家通過控制形狀的左右位置和旋轉，讓每個形狀都以合適的位置落下，如果有一行全部被方塊填充，這行就會消失，並且得分。遊戲結束的條件是有形狀接觸到了屏幕頂部。

001#!/usr/bin/python

002 # tetris.py

003 import sys

004 import random

005 from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

006 class Tetris(QtGui.QMainWindow):

007 def __init__(self):

008 QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)

009 self.setGeometry(300, 300, 180, 380)

010 self.setWindowTitle('Tetris')

011 self.tetrisboard = Board(self)

012 self.setCentralWidget(self.tetrisboard)

013 self.statusbar = self.statusBar()

014 self.connect(self.tetrisboard, QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),

015 self.statusbar, QtCore.SLOT("showMessage(QString)"))

016 self.tetrisboard.start()

017 self.center()

018 def center(self):

019 screen = QtGui.QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()

020 size = self.geometry()

021 self.move((screen.width()-size.width())/2,

022 (screen.height()-size.height())/2)

023 class Board(QtGui.QFrame):

024 BoardWidth = 10

025 BoardHeight = 22

026 Speed = 300

027 def __init__(self, parent):

028 QtGui.QFrame.__init__(self, parent)

029 self.timer = QtCore.QBasicTimer()

030 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False

031 self.curPiece = Shape()

032 self.nextPiece = Shape()

033 self.curX = 0

034 self.curY = 0

035 self.numLinesRemoved = 0

036 self.board = []

037 self.setFocusPolicy(QtCore.Qt.StrongFocus)

038 self.isStarted = False

039 self.isPaused = False

040 self.clearBoard()

041 self.nextPiece.setRandomShape()

042 def shapeAt(self, x, y):

043 return self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x]

044 def setShapeAt(self, x, y, shape):

045 self.board[(y * Board.BoardWidth) + x] = shape

046 def squareWidth(self):

047 return self.contentsRect().width() / Board.BoardWidth

048 def squareHeight(self):

049 return self.contentsRect().height() / Board.BoardHeight

050 def start(self):

051 if self.isPaused:

052 return

053 self.isStarted = True

054 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False

055 self.numLinesRemoved = 0

056 self.clearBoard()

057 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),

058 str(self.numLinesRemoved))

059 self.newPiece()

060 self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)

061 def pause(self):

062 if not self.isStarted:

063 return

064 self.isPaused = not self.isPaused

065 if self.isPaused:

066 self.timer.stop()

067 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"), "paused")

068 else:

069 self.timer.start(Board.Speed, self)

070 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),

071 str(self.numLinesRemoved))

072 self.update()

073 def paintEvent(self, event):

074 painter = QtGui.QPainter(self)

075 rect = self.contentsRect()

076 boardTop = rect.bottom() - Board.BoardHeight * self.squareHeight()

077 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):

078 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):

079 shape = self.shapeAt(j, Board.BoardHeight - i - 1)

080 if shape != Tetrominoes.NoShape:

081 self.drawSquare(painter,

082 rect.left() + j * self.squareWidth(),

083 boardTop + i * self.squareHeight(), shape)

084 if self.curPiece.shape() != Tetrominoes.NoShape:

085 for i in range(4):

086 x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)

087 y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)

088 self.drawSquare(painter, rect.left() + x * self.squareWidth(),

089 boardTop + (Board.BoardHeight - y - 1) * self.squareHeight(),

090 self.curPiece.shape())

091 def keyPressEvent(self, event):

092 if not self.isStarted or self.curPiece.shape() == Tetrominoes.NoShape:

093 QtGui.QWidget.keyPressEvent(self, event)

094 return

095 key = event.key()

096 if key == QtCore.Qt.Key_P:

097 self.pause()

098 return

099 if self.isPaused:

100 return

101 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Left:

102 self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX - 1, self.curY)

103 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Right:

104 self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX + 1, self.curY)

105 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Down:

106 self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedRight(), self.curX, self.curY)

107 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Up:

108 self.tryMove(self.curPiece.rotatedLeft(), self.curX, self.curY)

109 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_Space:

110 self.dropDown()

111 elif key == QtCore.Qt.Key_D:

112 self.oneLineDown()

113 else:

114 QtGui.QWidget.keyPressEvent(self, event)

115 def timerEvent(self, event):

116 if event.timerId() == self.timer.timerId():

117 if self.isWaitingAfterLine:

118 self.isWaitingAfterLine = False

119 self.newPiece()

120 else:

121 self.oneLineDown()

122 else:

123 QtGui.QFrame.timerEvent(self, event)

124 def clearBoard(self):

125 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight * Board.BoardWidth):

126 self.board.append(Tetrominoes.NoShape)

127 def dropDown(self):

128 newY = self.curY

129 while newY > 0:

130 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, newY - 1):

131 break

132 newY -= 1

133 self.pieceDropped()

134 def oneLineDown(self):

135 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY - 1):

136 self.pieceDropped()

137 def pieceDropped(self):

138 for i in range(4):

139 x = self.curX + self.curPiece.x(i)

140 y = self.curY - self.curPiece.y(i)

141 self.setShapeAt(x, y, self.curPiece.shape())

142 self.removeFullLines()

143 if not self.isWaitingAfterLine:

144 self.newPiece()

145 def removeFullLines(self):

146 numFullLines = 0

147 rowsToRemove = []

148 for i in range(Board.BoardHeight):

149 n = 0

150 for j in range(Board.BoardWidth):

151 if not self.shapeAt(j, i) == Tetrominoes.NoShape:

152 n = n + 1

153 if n == 10:

154 rowsToRemove.append(i)

155 rowsToRemove.reverse()

156 for m in rowsToRemove:

157 for k in range(m, Board.BoardHeight):

158 for l in range(Board.BoardWidth):

159 self.setShapeAt(l, k, self.shapeAt(l, k + 1))

160 numFullLines = numFullLines + len(rowsToRemove)

161 if numFullLines > 0:

162 self.numLinesRemoved = self.numLinesRemoved + numFullLines

163 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"),

164 str(self.numLinesRemoved))

165 self.isWaitingAfterLine = True

166 self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)

167 self.update()

168 def newPiece(self):

169 self.curPiece = self.nextPiece

170 self.nextPiece.setRandomShape()

171 self.curX = Board.BoardWidth / 2 + 1

172 self.curY = Board.BoardHeight - 1 + self.curPiece.minY()

173 if not self.tryMove(self.curPiece, self.curX, self.curY):

174 self.curPiece.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)

175 self.timer.stop()

176 self.isStarted = False

177 self.emit(QtCore.SIGNAL("messageToStatusbar(QString)"), "Game over")

178 def tryMove(self, newPiece, newX, newY):

179 for i in range(4):

180 x = newX + newPiece.x(i)

181 y = newY - newPiece.y(i)

182 if x < 0 or x >= Board.BoardWidth or y < 0 or y >= Board.BoardHeight:

183 return False

184 if self.shapeAt(x, y) != Tetrominoes.NoShape:

185 return False

186 self.curPiece = newPiece

187 self.curX = newX

188 self.curY = newY

189 self.update()

190 return True

191 def drawSquare(self, painter, x, y, shape):

192 colorTable = [0x000000, 0xCC6666, 0x66CC66, 0x6666CC,

193 0xCCCC66, 0xCC66CC, 0x66CCCC, 0xDAAA00]

194 color = QtGui.QColor(colorTable[shape])

195 painter.fillRect(x + 1, y + 1, self.squareWidth() - 2,

196 self.squareHeight() - 2, color)

197 painter.setPen(color.light())

198 painter.drawLine(x, y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x, y)

199 painter.drawLine(x, y, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y)

200 painter.setPen(color.dark())

201 painter.drawLine(x + 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1,

202 x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + self.squareHeight() - 1)

203 painter.drawLine(x + self.squareWidth() - 1,

204 y + self.squareHeight() - 1, x + self.squareWidth() - 1, y + 1)

205 class Tetrominoes(object):

206 NoShape = 0

207 ZShape = 1

208 SShape = 2

209 LineShape = 3

210 TShape = 4

211 SquareShape = 5

212 LShape = 6

213 MirroredLShape = 7

214 class Shape(object):

215 coordsTable = (

216 ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)),

217 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (-1, 0), (-1, 1)),

218 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1)),

219 ((0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2)),

220 ((-1, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1)),

221 ((0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1)),

222 ((-1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1)),

223 ((1, -1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (0, 1))

224 )

225 def __init__(self):

226 self.coords = [[0,0] for i in range(4)]

227 self.pieceShape = Tetrominoes.NoShape

228 self.setShape(Tetrominoes.NoShape)

229 def shape(self):

230 return self.pieceShape

231 def setShape(self, shape):

232 table = Shape.coordsTable[shape]

233 for i in range(4):

234 for j in range(2):

235 self.coords[i][j] = table[i][j]

236 self.pieceShape = shape

237 def setRandomShape(self):

238 self.setShape(random.randint(1, 7))

239 def x(self, index):

240 return self.coords[index][0]

241 def y(self, index):

242 return self.coords[index][1]

243 def setX(self, index, x):

244 self.coords[index][0] = x

245 def setY(self, index, y):

246 self.coords[index][1] = y

247 def minX(self):

248 m = self.coords[0][0]

249 for i in range(4):

250 m = min(m, self.coords[i][0])

251 return m

252 def maxX(self):

253 m = self.coords[0][0]

254 for i in range(4):

255 m = max(m, self.coords[i][0])

256 return m

257 def minY(self):

258 m = self.coords[0][1]

259 for i in range(4):

260 m = min(m, self.coords[i][1])

261 return m

262 def maxY(self):

263 m = self.coords[0][1]

264 for i in range(4):

265 m = max(m, self.coords[i][1])

266 return m

267 def rotatedLeft(self):

268 if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape:

269 return self

270 result = Shape()

271 result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

272 for i in range(4):

273 result.setX(i, self.y(i))

274 result.setY(i, -self.x(i))

275 return result

276 def rotatedRight(self):

277 if self.pieceShape == Tetrominoes.SquareShape:

278 return self

279 result = Shape()

280 result.pieceShape = self.pieceShape

281 for i in range(4):

282 result.setX(i, -self.y(i))

283 result.setY(i, self.x(i))

284 return result

285 app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)

286 tetris = Tetris()

287 tetris.show()

288 sys.exit(app.exec_())

256至258行將設所有移動為False（這將使之後的編程認為玩家鬆開了所有按下的方向鍵）。做這段代碼是因為我們不想讓玩家在按下Space鍵使第一塊積木直達底部的同時，仍然按著的方向鍵影響到第二塊積木的移動。

“我們相信人人都可以成為一個IT大神，現在開始，選擇一條陽光大道，助你入門，學習的路上不再迷茫。這裡是北京尚學堂，初學者轉行到IT行業的聚集地。"

閱讀更多 北京尚學堂Java學院 的文章

關鍵字: 核心 變量 程序員