Hi，大家好，我是天天用英语的小珠。
如果有任何幼儿英语、小学英语、初中英语的问题，
都可以给我留言，24小时之内肯定回复，你的关注和转发，将是对我们最大的鼓励，O(∩_∩)O谢谢。
你是否沉浸在假期的慢节奏生活中无法自拔
提不起精神来学习呢？
觉得努力了那么久却看不到成效
甚至又有了想放弃的念头...
关于语言学习的13个要点
分享给大家~
There is a trick to learning languages that can shorten the journey to fluency from decades to mere months. There's also something most teachers won't even tell students for fear they would never start, but in fact, is vital that you know.
在语言学习中有一个小技巧，可以使达到熟练流利的时间，从十几年缩短至几个月。而且，也有一些事情是大部分老师不会告诉学生的，因为害怕他们不会开始努力。但事实上，这些都是非常重要的。
原作者Gruff Davies：法语学习网站Kwiziq的联合创始人，会法语、西班牙语、意大利语
01
理解外语学习的过程
Language learning has an appalling abandonment rate. A mere 4% of students embarking on language courses in schools achieve a basic level of fluency after three years. 96% fail to achieve fluency and/or abandon courses completely!
外语学习的放弃率是非常惊人的。学习外语的学生中，只有4%的人在3年后达到了基本程度的流利。96%的学生达不到流利的程度，或者完全放弃了学习。
关于学习，人们通常有两个错误认识：
1. 学习外语非常难
2. 其他人（除了他们自己）天生就擅长外语学习。
放弃外语学习的最主要原因之一，就是学习者感觉不到自己在进步。大部分选择放弃的人主要是因为他们有一个错误的预想设定。所以，先让我澄清这些错误认识：
1. Learning a language isn't hard. It's just LONG.
学习外语并不难，只是时间很长；
2. Everyone is naturally good at languages. You already learned one, remember? You've just forgotten how long it took.
每个人天生都擅长外语学习。你已经掌握的一门语言，只是你忘记了学习的过程而已。
我认为，学习语言就像爬山一样：
以法语为例，只需要花600个小时的学习与实践，就能达到流利的水平（如果你已经掌握了一门拉丁语系的语言，将会更快）。想想吧。如果你每个星期学1个小时法语，那么40个星期就是40个小时。那么，你需要15年时间达到流利，还不算你遗忘的内容。
从另一个极端的角度来看的话，如果你学习非常努力，你可以达到每周40个小时的学习时间。那么就有可能，在10到12周之内就能够达到一定程度的流利。大部分人不可能有那么多闲暇时间，达不到这种密集程度的学习，但是理解这个过程能够帮助你更加现实地预期你得学习效果，这样就不会感到气馁了。
02
学习强度对快速学习外语非常重要
This is a double-whammy. 1) Immersing yourself as deeply as possible in the subject allows you to rack up the hours as quickly as possible. 2) Memory fades unless it's used. Low-intensity studies (i.e. school French) are ineffective because their intensity is so low that you end up forgetting a large percentage of what you learn. So, try to learn as intensely as time will permit you to.
在语言学习中有个“双重极端”：
1.最大限度地使自己沉浸在一门语言中可以使你尽可能快地积累到学习时间；
2.如果你不使用，记忆就会消除。低强度的学习是无效的，因为强度过低的话，你会遗忘大部门学到的内容。所以，试着以最大的强度进行语言学习。
还是用爬山来打比方，山底又冰又滑，如果你爬得慢，还没等你前进你就会向后滑。所以，你爬得越快，你后退地越少。
03
对你自己好一点
I've used sunlight in this mountain metaphor to give you an indication of how it feels to be at these levels. It's not until B1/B2 that the light comes out and it starts to feel really good speaking French. That happens around the 350-400 hours mark if you've never learned a second language before.
Expect a lot of fog and confusion for the first few hundred hours. It's completely normal and you're not stupid. EVERYONE feels this way, even the people who seem really gifted at languages. The difference is, anyone who's already been through that and reached the sunlight expects this stage, and it doesn't phase them because they know they'll get there eventually.
在这个登山比喻中，我用阳光来比喻当你到达这个阶段后的感受。到达B1/B2阶段的时候，就可以看到阳光了。如果你之前没有学过一门外语，这个阶段将在学习时间达到350至400小时候发生。
在第一阶段的百余个小时的学习时间中，要对可能遇到的迷雾和不解有充分地预期。这个非常非常正常，而且并不是你笨。每个人都会有这样的经历，即使是那些在语言上有天赋的人。 不同的是，那些成功克服这个阶段的人预料到了这个阶段，而且他们没有停步不前，因为他们知道自己终将到达阳光地带。
所以，如果你感到自己是“外语渣渣”或者“太笨了”的时候，停下来，休息一会，提醒自己既不渣也不笨，只要坚持，一定能学好。
04
为外语学习做好充分准备
If you're a complete beginner I find it's really important to absorb the sounds of the language before beginning serious study. I listen to hours of audio (audio books are great for this) without trying to understand the content, but still actively listening to the sounds of the language to embed them. I usually find after a while I end up babbling them a little like a baby which can feel a bit silly . Which brings me my next piece of advice:
如果你是一个彻头彻尾的初学者，我觉得，在真正开始学习前，使自己熟悉这门外语的声音非常重要。我会听好几个小时的音频，不去试图理解内容，但仍然主动去听取语言的声音。通常，在一段时间后，我发现自己会像婴儿一样布鲁布鲁地发声，让人感觉有点傻乎乎的。但这也是我要给你的下一条建议。
05
像傻子一样练习
Being self-conscious is your biggest enemy. You cannot speak a foreign language without feeling stupid at some point. You have to get over that. You have to twist your mouth into strange new shapes that make you feel like a caricature; you will speak and not be understood and you will listen and not understand. A LOT. It's really okay and in fact necessary to learning. If you think about it, what's the big deal? So you look stupid. Who cares?
过于关注自我是你最大的敌人。如果不在某种程度上感到自己很傻，你是不可能学好一门外语的。你必须克服它。你不得不使自己的嘴巴变成各种奇怪的形状；你要说出来并且不要指望别人能听懂，你要仔细听即使听不太懂。
这个过程需要许多许多。看起来很傻真的没什么，而且对学习是必须的。你想想，有什么大不了？即使你看起来傻，又有谁在乎？
If you instead give yourself credit every time you feel stupid you can turn this around. Give yourself a little mental gold star each time you feel stupid because those moments are learning moments. Feeling stupid is actually a sign of progress, or the moment just prior to progress.
如果每次在感到自己很傻的时候给自己一个奖励，就可以把这种窘迫感倒转过来。每次你感到自己很笨的时候，给自己一点精神奖励，因为这些时刻就是你学习的时刻。感到很笨实际上是进步的标志，也是进步之前的标志。
知道你自己是什么阶段（并且知道你下一个阶段是什么），可以通过参加各种各样的等级考试来测试自己的阶段。
06
了解自己的水平
I strongly advise you measure your level using CEFR levels (CEFR Levels - The Common European Framework of Reference for languages) as these are now standard across Europe.
我强烈建议大家使用CEFR标准来定位现有的英语水平，因为这在整个欧洲都是通用的。
从下图可以看出雅思考试分数与CEFR各个能力等级的对应程度：
07
设定目标
Goal setting (and measuring progress against those goals) is one of the most effective tools in your learning arsenal. I highly recommend setting short term and longer terms goals.
Short term goals can be as simple as how many hours of study you will do each week. If you (say) want to study one hour a day then write seven boxes on a sheet and every hour you study, check a box. It feels good and you're measuring progress which is visible to you even when you don't feel like you're progressing. Set longer terms goals like passing a specific CEFR level.
设定目标（并且以这些目标来衡量学习进步程度）是语言学习中非常有效的工具。我非常推荐设定短期目标与长期目标。
短期目标可以仅仅是你每周要达到的学习时间数。如果你像每天学习1个小时，那么你可以在纸上画7个小方格，每次你学完1个小时就画一个勾。衡量进步程度会让你感觉良好，即使当你感觉不到自己在进步时。
长期目标则可以定义为达到CEFR某一等级，或是雅思、托福等语言考试的一定分数。
08
重复、重复、重复
Repetition is absolutely vital to learning most things but especially important when learning a language. It sounds boring but it doesn't need to be. More on this in a moment. One more time, just in case you didn't get it: repetition is vital to learning.
重复在大部分学习中都很重要，对语言学习尤其重要。这点听起来有点无聊，但不得不做。再说一遍，怕你记不住：
重复对学习至关重要。09
回想比复习更重要
Practicing recall has proven to be 300% more effective than revising something. In other words, you must challenge yourself to "produce" French, not just comprehend it. The metaphor I use for memory is a field of long grass. You drop lots of things in it, but to make them easy to find again, you must practise retrieving them. Every time you do, you tread down the path to the thing you're recalling and it gets easier to follow.
这一点已经得到证明，回想的有效度是复习的300%。换句话说，你必须挑战自己去“产生”这门语言，而不仅仅是理解它。记忆在我看来，就是一大片深深的草原。你在其中放了许多东西，但是想要很轻松地找到它们，你必须不断练习去寻找它们。每次你这样做，你就踩出道路，下次你再找就可以很方便简单。
任何你练习的回想都有助于提升你的外语水平。
10
对部分课文死记硬背
这是我觉得可以排名第一的秘诀，我发现这是快速学习外语的最有效方法。
Pick a text on a subject you find interesting and at the right level for you (i.e. a bit challenging but not too hard). If you're a beginner keep it short, i.e. a few sentences at a time. Graphic comics are really good for beginners (things like Peanuts) which you can order online.
As you progress you can pick longer texts and learn a few paragraphs, or pages of dialogue at a time. I like using film or theatre texts, or books I liked as a kid which are also good because the language is usually simple.
找到一本你可以在一周内学完的课文（必须有配套音频）。找一篇你感兴趣并且符合你学习水平的课文。如果你是初学者，找篇短的。当你不断提高的时候，你可以选择更长的课文、对话。我比较喜欢使用电影或剧本文章，或者小孩喜欢的课文，这些都很好，而且语言相对简单。
重复听至少10次，再开始学习它。接下来开始背记。起初你会发现非常困难，但是这会让你明白回想是多么重要。
给你自己一周时间去学习这个课文。为什么？因为在七天睡眠之后，你会发现神奇的事情出现了……
11
睡眠
Sleep is vital to memory. In fact, research shows the time of day that you sleep is not that important. Daytime napping is very effective. Don't deprive yourself of sleep for too long after you've learned or practiced something.When you sleep your brain starts to build structures to turn short-term memories into long-term memories.
睡眠对记忆力非常重要。实际上，研究者发现白天的睡眠时间并没有那么重要。白天打盹很有效。别剥夺自己太多的睡眠时间，尤其是在学习或练习之后。当你睡眠的时候，你得大脑开始建立框架，并且使短期记忆变成了长期记忆。
12
锻炼&营养
We tend to think of our brains as separate from our bodies, but of course the brain is part of body. If you exercise, you get huge mental benefits. It might sound bizarre but keeping fit will help you learn a language. You can even combine the two efforts by listen to French audio during a workout or run.
And make sure the fuel you're putting into your body and brain is good for it. Eating healthily, just like exercise, has amazing cognitive benefits. If you ever get 'brain fog', you might want to pay more attention to what you're eating and drinking. Ask yourself what you consumed in the previous 24-48 hours. Yep, it can take up to two days for something you ate or drank to affect your cognition.
我们常常倾向于认为到脑与身体不同，但大脑也是身体的一部分。如果你锻炼，你会得到巨大的精神好处。这听起来像胡扯，但保持健康讲帮助你学习外语。你可以边听外语边锻炼。
而且，要保证你放进你身体和达到的能量是有好处的。健康饮食，与锻炼一样，对认知有意想不到的好处。如果曾经经历“大脑迷糊”，你可能需要注意你的饮食。问问自己，过去24-48小时都吃了什么东西。过去两天吃的东西对你的认知功能都有影响。
13
学习关于学习的知识
I've found that every hour I invested in learning about learning paid off many times over in my learning speed of actual content. There's general stuff that you can learn about learning that works for everyone, and then there are your own personal learning tricks that can develop; this is about just taking time to reflect on what work best for you and thinking about how to improve on what you're doing.
我发现，用来学习如何学习的每个小时，都能在我实际的学习内容上产生数倍的回报。你可以学习那些对每个人都有用的学习技巧，也可以找出适合自己的学习技巧。到底哪种方法对你得工作有用，如何提升你现在的工作，需要花一定的时间去反思思考。
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