當我還是蟲寶寶的時候，蟲媽成天碎碎念：“作業沒有寫完就不可以吃飯！”蟲子長大以後，蟲媽就改口了：“
工作沒有做完就不可以吃飯！”（論搬家的必要性）蟲媽昨晚又叨叨了，蟲子也乖乖照做了。也就是說，手頭的事情先做完了，然後才吃的飯。
畫一條時間軸，應該是醬的：時間軸的最右邊為現在：
“幹完活兒”和“開飯”，兩個都是過去的動作；其中，“幹完活兒”先發生，比“開飯”這個動作還要再過去一點。這也是老師們常把先發生的動作叫做“過去的過去”的原因。
這個概念弄懂後，學習「過去完成時」就簡單多了。總體原則是：對於兩個過去的動作，先發生的用「過去完成時」，後發生的用「一般現在時」。
01 知識點梳理
概念：“過去的過去”
結構：had + 過去分詞
常用時間狀語：
例句：
注：對於 before，after 引導的從句，動作發生的先後順序很明顯，用一般過去時也可以。所以，在正常情況下，上句可改成：Did you feed the cat before you went to work?
02 固定搭配
▶ no sooner (A) than (B)
“剛做A，B就發生了”，指A、B前後兩個動作，時間上離得比較近。
從 A 到 B，分別是按順序的先發生、後發生的動作。所以，A用過去完成時，B用一般過去時。
《新概念英語2》38課出現過這個句型，講了一個衣錦還鄉的英國人，光速買房又賣房離開的無厘頭故事。
該句式常跟 as soon as…（一……就……） 換著用。上面的例句，也可以改為：
As soon as he had returned, he bought a house.
▶ hardly (A) when (B)
它是 no sooner (A) than (B) 的姊妹句式，意思相近，“剛做A，B就發生了”，“還沒來得及做 A，B就發生了”。
又說回那個英國人：
注：A先發生，用過去完成時；B後發生，用一般過去時。
▶ It was the first time that…
……第一次……
隔壁女神鋼琴十級，她國際孤獨十級，都還不錯啦。
注：舉一反三，first 可以替換成 second, third 等其他序數詞。
03 課後練習
1. When I ________ (arrive) home last night, I discovered that Honey ________ (prepare) a beautiful candlelight dinner.
2. Since I began acting, I ________ (perform) in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even) publicly before I came to Hollywood in 2010.
3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting ________ (begin, already) without me. My boss ________(be) furious with me and I ________(be) fired.
4. When I ________(turn) the radio on yesterday, I ________(hear) a song that was popular when I was in high school. I ________(hear, not) the song in years, and it ________(bring) back some great memories.
5. Last week, I ________(run) into an ex of mine. We ________ (see, not) each other in years, and both of us ________ (change) a great deal. I ________ (enjoy) talking to him so much that I ________ (ask) him out on a date. We are getting together tonight for dinner.
6. When Jack ________ (enter) the room, I ________ (recognize, not) him because he ________ (lose) so much weight and ________ (grow) a beard. He looked totally different!
7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their culture ________(disappear, virtually) by the time Europeans first ________ (arrive) in the New World.
8. I ________ (visit) so many beautiful places since I ________ (come) to Utah. Before moving here, I ________ (hear, never) of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands.
習題來源：Englishpage
獲取答案方式
微·信·公·號：蟲蟲講英語
後·臺·回·復：過去完成時
「蟲蟲講英語」老少咸宜的英語學習號 —— 有時候，語法換一種方式講，就聽懂了。
04 總結「過去完成時」
概念：過去的過去
結構：had done
常用時間狀語：
常見句式：
no sooner... than...
hardly... when...
It was the first time that...
最近“人人皆是酸菜魚”突然很火
我們用「過去完成時」造個句子
一探自己能有
多酸、多菜、多多餘、多喪伐？
我先來
God had slammed the door behind me before he fell asleep上帝“砰”地為我關上門
然後就洗洗睡了
現在，️交給你
- the end -
