“我勸你善良”,這是一句2018熱門網絡語;它的英文用法 “I advise that you should be kind”,就是我們今天要學的虛擬語氣。在上次課
《虛擬語氣攻略一》中,我們學習了 3種 if 從句的虛擬語氣及其倒裝結構;如果這你都不覺得難,今天更可以愉快地搞掂攻略二了~ 通過這節課,我們講幾個動詞、幾個名詞、幾個形容詞、幾個介詞(短語)和幾個常用結構。攻略二的虛擬語氣結構以 should do 為主;大多數情況下,should 可以省略。注:下文例句中,帶括號的(should)表示可以省略。
01 幾個動詞
1)當表示要求、建議、命令等的動詞作謂語時,跟在後面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣(should)do:
2)被動:It is suggested that…
我們之前講過,被動句不強調“誰做”,而是強調什麼被怎樣了。對於這類結構,可以這樣理解:
It is suggested that…(有人)建議……
It is proposed that…(有人)提議……
It is desired that… 希望……
3)值得注意 wish 的用法,它跟我們在攻略一學的 if 從句虛擬語氣相似。至於 wish 後的賓語從句,如果:
>> 跟現在事實相反,謂語用 did:
I wish I knew how to quit you.
>> 跟過去事實相反,謂語用 had done:
I wish we hadn’t met before.
我希望我們從未相遇。
注:實際上,我們在過去的某天遇見了,無奈兩人越活越冷清。因此說,我的願望與過去事實相反。
4)需要注意的,還有兩個“多義詞”
當 insist 作“堅持認為”、suggest 作“表明”解釋時,不使用虛擬語氣。
๑乛◡乛๑ 現在,大家來做題放鬆下大腦~
* I insist that you ________ (come) with us.
* He insisted that she ________ (not die).
* Her poor shape suggested that she ________(be) ill.
* Jack Ma suggests we ________ (change) ourselves instead of trying to change Donald Trump.
02 幾個名詞
當下列名詞在句子中作主語,可用虛擬語氣 (should) do。注:它們多由 01 Part 的動詞而來:
舉個栗子,圍繞“咱該開始買年貨的建議”,suggestion 可以這麼用(如果大家覺得表語從句、同位語從句很難記,目前不必非得認清楚;大家跟著我拆解例句,發現其中的規則)
1)XX + be + that 從句
2)XX + that 從句 + 謂語 …
除了名詞形式的表達,我們還能使用在 01 Part 學習的賓語從句:
3)I suggest that we (should) start making holiday purchases.
03 幾個形容詞
當以下形容詞出現在“It is + 形容詞 + that 從句”的句式中時,從句常用虛擬語氣 should do,用來表達惋惜、震驚、理所當然等情感。
注:get a life 常常帶有負面情緒,相當於“to tell sb. to stop being a loser”,潛臺詞是你覺得對方是盧瑟、生活毫無意義;或者對方煩到你了,你委婉地表達“滾犢子”。總之,使用 get a life 的時候,我們過過腦。
04 幾個介詞(短語)
05 幾個常用結構
>> as if/ though 就像……
用法與 if 從句虛擬語氣相似:與現在事實相反, as if/ though 從句用 did;與過去事實相反,從句用 had done.
>> if only 要是……就好了
表達一種願望,與 01 Part 講的 wish 的用法相似,一般過去時 did 表示現在的願望,過去完成時 had done 表示過去的願望。
If only I were rich!
要是我有錢就好了!(實際上我很窮)
If only I had kept my temper!
當時忍住就好了!(實際上當時炸了)
>> would rather 寧願……
用法同上,也是表達願望,分為對現在/將來的願望,還是對過去的願望。
I would rather you stayed.
我寧願你留下。(然而你不在)
I would rather we hadn’t met before.
我希望我們未曾遇見。(實際上遇見了)
>> It’s (high/ about) time… 該……了
常用一般過去時 did。
It is high time I went to bed.
= It is high time I should go to bed.
我該睡覺了。
06 課後練習
1) Our idea is that the match ______.
A. would put off
B. should put off
C. be put off
2) The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. didn’t water
B. wasn’t watered
C. hadn’t been watered
3) I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and go to work.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. would sleep
4) — Did you make it at last?
— Yes! But for your help, it ______ a serious loss.
A. would cause
B. would have caused
C. caused
5) My uncle insists ______ in this hotel.
A. staying not
B. that he would not stay
C. that he not stay
6) It is vital that enough money ______ to fund the project.
A. was collected
B. can be collected
C. be collected
7) I’d rather you ______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t
8) While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ______ by wild animals.
A. would be attacked
B. should be attacked
C. was attacked
⁽⁽ଘ( ˊᵕˋ )ଓ⁾⁾ 獲取答案
微·信·公·號:蟲蟲講英語
後·臺·回·復:攻略二
「蟲蟲講英語」老少咸宜的英語學習號 —— 有時候,語法換一種方式講,就聽懂了。
07 總結
>> 跟在以下動詞後面的從句,用虛擬語氣 (should) do:
注:1)wish 比較特殊,用法跟if從句-虛擬語氣相似,願望跟現在事實相反用 did;跟過去事實相反用 had done。
2)當 insist 表示“堅持認為”、suggest 表示“表明”時,不使用虛擬語氣。
>> 當以下名詞在句子中作主語,從句用虛擬語氣 (should) do:
>> 當以下形容詞出現在“It is + adj. + that 從句”中時,從句用虛擬語氣 (should) do:
>> 遇到這3個介詞(短語),用 should/ might do:
>> 遇到這4個介詞(短語),用 would do 或 would have done:
>> 遇到這3個結構,用
>> 遇到這個結構,用 should do 或一般過去時:
It’s (high/ about) time…