高中英語冠詞複習

複習冠詞須把握好以下三個原則:

1.單數可數名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指;

2.複數可數名詞及不可數名詞表示泛指時,其前不加冠詞;

3.無論可數名詞還是不可數名詞,表示特指時,其前都要加定冠詞the。

01

考向一 不定冠詞


1.不定冠詞有a和an 兩種形式。a用在以輔音音素開頭的名詞前,an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。


In a university,a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing.

在一所大學裡,一個歐洲人和一個一隻眼的人拿著一件有用的工具沿著一條單行道走著。這是一件平常之事。


An hour ago,an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.

一小時前,一個誠實的人接受了一件非同尋常的禮物,去完成一項光榮的任務。


2.不定冠詞a/an用在單數可數名詞前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。


The "Chinese Dream" is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.

"中國夢"是一個改善民生的夢,是一個和諧、和平和發展的夢。


3.表示某種身份、職業、地位、國籍。


When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.

當 Ashleys一家試圖讓她回來時,Mumbet諮詢了一個叫西奧多·塞奇威克的律師。


4.用在人名或時間名詞前表示不確定的某個人或某個時間;用在人名前還可表示與某人有類似性質的人。


—Excuse me,is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him.

—Sorry,but there is no such person here.

——勞駕,這個居民點住著一位名叫Tailor的先生嗎?這裡有他的包裹。

——對不起,這兒沒有這麼一個人。


5.不定冠詞用在序數詞前不表示排序,而表示"再一,又一"。


She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜歡這兩個包的顏色,又要了一個。


6.表示單位時間內的頻度,含有"每"的概念。


The medicine is to be taken three times a day.

這藥每天吃三次。


7.具有動作意義的名詞在與have,take,make等構成短語表示一種短暫性的動作時,前面要加不定冠詞。如:take a look看一看;have a try試一試。


You had better go to the factory and have a look.

你最好到廠裡去看一看。


8.不定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a waste of浪費……;all of a sudden突然地;as a rule通常。


It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起,我把她的生日給忘了。


典型例題

1.(2019·新課標I卷·短文改錯)Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.

【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.

【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數名詞,前邊需要有限定詞。這裡football第一次出現,故在football前加a;考查連詞。句意:突然一個足球落在我前邊並且差點打到我。“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關係,不是轉折關係。故將but改為and。


2. (2018·新課標II卷·短文改錯)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.

【答案】the改為a

【解析】考查冠詞。這裡表示“作為一個孩子”,a用在表示泛指的單數名詞前,the表示特指。故把the改為a。


3.(2017·新課標1卷語法填空)As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示“結果”。句意:結果,人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。


4.(2017新課標3卷語法填空)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠詞。model是可數名詞,前面沒有限定詞,而此處泛指 "一個",故填a。


5. ______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.

A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個比賽獲勝者的獎品是一個巴黎的兩個星期的假期。第一空填the,是特指"獲勝者的獎品",用定冠詞,第二空是泛指"一個兩週的假期",用不定冠詞a。故選A。

02

考向二 定冠詞


1.用在名詞前表示特指。


—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?

—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.

——你昨天玩得開心嗎?

——是的,正如你所知,晚會是在愉快的氣氛中進行的。


2.用在世界上獨一無二的人或物、自然現象、發明物之前。


Do you know who invented the telephone?

你知道是誰發明了電話嗎?


3.用在序數詞、比較級(兩者相比較,表示特指的時候)和最高級前。


Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two?你認為這兩個故事中哪個更有趣?


4.用於集合名詞、物質名詞和某些專有名詞前。


Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陝西)

據說在十三世紀馬可·波羅去爪哇島途中曾航行經過太平洋。


5.定冠詞the和形容詞、過去分詞連用,表示一類人或事物。


Many of the injured are still in danger.

許多受傷者仍處於危險中。


6.用在表示計量的名詞前如by the hour,by the dozen等,但若名詞為抽象名詞則不加冠詞如by weight,by height等。


—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 a year.

—Right,he will also get paid by the week.

——據說約翰將擁有一份年收入超過60 000美元的工作。

——是的,而且會按周獲得報酬。


7.定冠詞the用在表示姓氏的複數名詞前,表示全家人或夫妻倆。


The Whites settled down in Canada last year.

去年懷特一家在加拿大定居。


8.用在方位名詞和西洋樂器名詞前。


the east 東部 play the piano 彈鋼琴


典型例題


1.(2019·浙江卷·語法填空)Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞,意思是“相同的”,常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。


2. (2017年新課標2卷短文改錯)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

【答案】 countryside前加the

【解析】句意:去年寒假,我和父親去鄉下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉下,故加定冠詞the。


3. (2017年新課標3卷短文改錯)Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

【答案】 picture前加the或this

【解析】考查限定詞的用法。單數可數名詞前應該有限定詞,根據句意可知在picture前加the或者this。


4.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.

A. a;不填B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a;the

【答案】D

【解析】句意:多年來,簡的奶奶想寫一本有關於兒童的書,但總是被這樣或那樣的原因阻礙了。第一個空使用不定冠詞表泛指,第二個in the way 是固定搭配,意為擋道或阻礙。定冠詞用於特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠詞用於泛指。選D。


03

考向三 零冠詞


1.不可數名詞、複數名詞表泛指,用零冠詞。


Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.

偏遠地區非常需要教師。


2.稱呼語及表示獨一無二的頭銜、職務的名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時,不加冠詞。


Dr. Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,"A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge."

這所學校的校長Peter Spence博士告訴我們,這裡五分之一的學生將繼續到牛津或劍橋大學深造。


3.月、季、星期、節假、洲前;三餐、球類、慣用語前;學科、棋類名詞前,用零冠詞。


A year can be divided into four seasons — spring,summer,autumn and winter.

一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。


4.no與such連用時應放在such之前,such後的名詞不用冠詞。


There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.

天下沒有免費的午餐。


5.在turn(變成)作表語的名詞前不用冠詞,但become後的可數名詞作表語時前要加冠詞。


He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.

他成了一名醫生而他弟弟當了教師。


典型例題

1.Dr.Peter Spence, ____________headmaster of the school, told us, ________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.

A. 不填;A B.不填;The C. the; The D. a; A

【答案】A

【解析】句意為"校長Peter Spence告訴我們說,我校的五分之一學生將到牛津大學和劍橋大學去學習。"headmaster校長,職務前面不加冠詞;a fifth表示五分之一。選A。


2.Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.

A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a

【答案】A

【解析】Air pollution 是抽象名詞這裡是泛指,其前不用冠詞;weather 這裡是特指全球的氣候, 根據the weather around the world 可知答案為A

04

考向四 冠詞的位置


1. 不定冠詞位置


不定冠詞常位於名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意:


a. 位於下列形容詞之後:such,what,many,half,

I have never seen such an animal.

Many a man is fit for the job.


b. 當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之後:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

So short a time.

Too long a distance.


c. quite,rather與單數名詞連用,冠詞放在其後。

但當rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前後均可。如:quite a lot


d. 在as,though 引導的讓步狀語從句中,當標語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞後:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他儘管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發抖。

當名詞被比較級形容詞修飾時,不定冠詞通常置於比較級形容詞之後。


2.定冠詞位置


定冠詞通常位於名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all, both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之後,名詞之前。

All the students in the class went out.班裡的所有學生都出去了。


05

學習冠詞的難點


一、在特殊情況下混用a和an


關於a和an的一般區別,同學們可能比較清楚,也不易搞錯,但是對於數字和字母前用該用不定冠詞a還是an,則是許多考生可能忽略的問題。如:


They have an 8-year-old daughter. 他們有一個8歲大的女兒。(數字8在英語中讀音與eight同,故其前用an,不用a;類似地,我們要說an 11-year-old child,不能說a 11-year-old boy。)


Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我們的女兒給我們發來了再要點錢的求救信號。(字母s的讀音為[es],它的第一個音為元音,故其前要用an。)


二、"星期"名詞前冠詞的使用問題


表示"星期"的名詞(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不與冠詞連用,但有時為了表示"特指"可以帶定冠詞;若表示不確定的"某一個",其前可用不定冠詞。如:

"When can I have my birthday party?" "On the Saturday nearest to it." "我的生日慶祝會在哪天舉行?""就在離你生日最近的那個星期六吧。"

Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的聖誕節是星期一。

You won’t catch me working on a Sunday! 你絕對見不到我在星期日工作!

He never opens up shop on a Sunday. 星期日他的商店從不營業。

We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back.

在她回去後的那個星期五我們收到了她的明信片。

"When can I have my birthday party?" "On the Saturday nearest to it."

"我的生日慶祝會能在哪天舉行?""在離你生日最近的那個星期六吧。"


三、"三餐飯"前冠詞的使用問題


一般說來,表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠詞。如:

Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供應到上午9點。

Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能來吃午飯嗎?


但是,若要特指某一頓早餐、中餐或晚餐,則可在其前加定冠詞。如:

The supper is well cooked. 晚飯做得很好。

Thank you for the breakfast. 謝謝你的這頓早餐。


另外,若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描繪性定語的修飾,則其前通常要用不定冠詞。如:

We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我們動身前好好吃頓早飯。

I’ve got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃熱食的習慣。

After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐,他就趕到車站去了。

We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 為了去旅行, 我們早餐都吃得飽飽的。


典型例題


_______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _______ packed lunch.

A. A; a B. The; 不填

C. The; a D. A; 不填

【答案】C

【解析】第一空填定冠詞,表特指;第二空填不不定冠詞,因為名詞lunch前帶有描給性修飾語,a packed lunch在此指"打包的午餐"。


06

冠詞的非前位用法


限定語與所修飾的中心名詞的關係一般順序是:冠詞+表示大小尺寸的限定詞+表示顏色的限定詞+表示原材料的限定詞+中心名詞。但在某些固定結構中,冠詞放在了形容詞之後。

典型例題


1.Peter won’t drive us to the station. He has________ to take us all.

A. a very small car B. too small a car

C. a too small car D. such a small car

【答案】B

【解析】C迷惑性較大,學生都學過too +adj./adv. +to…結構,但對於too +adj.+n.+to…結構不熟悉。

解題方法與技巧:名詞前修飾語一般正常語序為:不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞。但有些固定結構需注意,如too+adj. +a/an+n.。


2.Exercise is ________ as any other to lose unwanted weight.

A.so useful a way B.as a useful way

C.as useful a way D. such a useful way

【答案】C

【解析】錯解分析:A、B迷惑性較大,so…as結構常用於否定句和疑問句,故不能選A、B。


解題方法與技巧:名詞前修飾語正常語序為:不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞,但有些固定結構需注意,如:as+adj. +a/an+n.


07

錦囊妙計


1.不定冠詞用在quite,rather,many,half,what,much等詞之後。例如:


He is rather a fool.


—What did you think of the concert?


—Oh,it was quite a success.


2.不定冠詞用在so(as,too,how)+形容詞之後。


例如:She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.


It’s too difficult a book for us to read.


注意:以元音音素開頭的名詞前加不定冠詞時用"an"。例如:an apple。


即使單詞拼寫以輔音字母開頭,但該詞的讀音是元音音素開頭,加不定冠詞時也要用"an",例如:an hour,an honest boy;反之,拼寫以元音字母開頭,但讀音是輔音,加不定冠詞時要用"a",例如:a university。


3.so…that與such…that:


①so…that和such…that都作"如此……以致"解,that引導結果狀語從句。常見句型如下:


②such…that和so…that有時可以換用,條件是such所修飾的名詞必須是一個單數可數名詞,且該名詞還帶有表性質的形容詞。轉變公式如下:such a/an+形容詞+名詞→so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。


例如:He is such a good student that we all like him.→He is so good a student that we all like him。


但是,如果是不可數名詞或複數可數名詞,則只能用such,不能用so修飾。


例如:It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。


③如果複數名詞前有many,few,不可數名詞前有much,little等表示量的形容詞時,應該用so而不用such。


如:I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.


Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together(維持生活)。


但little不表示數量而表示"小"的意思時,仍用such。


例如:They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.


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