前兩天發了一篇“日本國民眼中的好大學”的文章，引發了大家很多的討論，那今天我們就來正兒八經的看看QS2020日本大學排名的情況，我們先看排名再看QS的排名的幾個維度。
我們來看看QS官網的原文表述，來探討下對日本大學評判是否公允
1.Academic reputation (40%)
The highest weighting of any metric is allotted to an institution's Academic Reputation score. Based on our Academic Survey, it collates the expert opinions of over 94,000 individuals in the higher education space regarding teaching and research quality at the world's universities. In doing so, it has grown to become the world's largest survey of academic opinion, and, in terms of size and scope, is an unparalleled means of measuring sentiment in the academic community.
劃重點：基於我們的學術調查，它整理了超過94,000位來自高等教育領域的專家對世界大學教學和研究質量的意見。（大樣本，但是裡面有多少日本教授就不得而知了）
2.Employer reputation (10%)
Students will continue to perceive a university education as a means by which they can receive valuable preparation for the employment market. It follows that assessing how successful institutions are at providing that preparation is essential for a ranking whose primary audience is the global student community.
Our Employer Reputation metric is based on almost 45,000 responses to our QS Employer Survey, and asks employers to identify those institutions from which they source the most competent, innovative, effective graduates. The QS Employer Survey is also the world’s largest of its kind.
劃重點：我們的僱主聲譽指標是基於對QS僱主調查的近45000份回覆，並要求僱主確定他們從哪些機構招聘最有能力、最具創新力、最高效的畢業生。（依然大樣本，但是裡面有多少是在東京的日本企業再次不得而知）
Faculty/Student Ratio (20%)
Teaching quality is typically cited by students as the metric of highest importance to them when comparing institutions using a ranking. It is notoriously difficult to measure, but we have determined that measuring teacher/student ratios is the most effective proxy metric for teaching quality. It assesses the extent to which institutions are able to provide students with meaningful access to lecturers and tutors, and recognizes that a high number of faculty members per student will reduce the teaching burden on each individual academic.
劃重點：更多的教職員工對應更少的學生可以有效減少每個學者的教學負擔（這樣判定的話，公立院校永遠相較於私立院校吃虧，畢竟公立大學還有社會公益的一部分職能）
Citations per faculty (20%)
Teaching is one key pillar of an institution’s mission. Another is research output. We measure institutional research quality using our Citations per Faculty metric. To calculate it, we the total number of citations received by all papers produced by an institution across a five-year period by the number of faculty members at that institution.
To account for the fact that different fields have very different publishing cultures – papers concerning the Life Sciences are responsible nearly half of all research citations as of 2015 – we normalize citations. This means that a citation received for a paper in Philosophy is measured differently to one received for a paper on Anatomy and Physiology, ensuring that, in evaluating an institution’s true research impact, both citations are given equal weight.
We use a five-year publication window for papers, so for this edition we looked at papers published from 2013 to 2017. We then take a look at a six-year citation window; reflecting the fact that it takes time for research to be effectively disseminated. In this edition we look for citations from 2013-2018.
All citations data is sourced using Elsevier’s Scopus database, the world’s largest repository of academic journal data. This year, QS assessed 74 million citations from 13.5 million papers once self-citations were excluded.
劃重點：平均每位學者的論文和著作被學術引用的次數（日本很多教授的著作都是用日文發表，被美國學者引用的概率遠遠小於英語論文被引用的可能性，這個應該也是目前為止QS世界排名最大的bug所在，對於非英語世界的不友好）
International faculty ratio/International student ratio (5% each)
A highly international university acquires and confers a number of advantages. It demonstrates an ability to attract faculty and students from across the world, which in turn suggests that it possesses a strong international brand. It implies a highly global outlook: essentially for institutions operating in an internationalised higher education sector. It also provides both students and staff alike with a multinational environment, facilitating exchange of best practices and beliefs. In doing so, it provides students with international sympathies and global awareness: soft skills increasingly valuable to employers. Both of these metrics are worth 5% of the overall total.
劃重點：提升國際師生的佔比的確是有利於發展文化無國界，科技無國界的學術理念的，這一點上，日本的國公立大學的確要加油了，SGU項目請不要在雷聲大雨點小的發展了
關鍵字: Academic Reputation 大學排名
