《農政全書》由晚明徐光啟（1562-1633）著。徐光啟生於農業發達的江蘇松江地區，他一生熱愛農業，在為父親丁憂的三年間，在家鄉進行了較大規模的農業耕種試驗、後又幾次赴天津進行農業試驗，寫出這部農業百科全書。
他死在任上，是朋友幫助將這部書於崇禎十二年（1639）刊行的。全書60卷，分農本、田制、水利、農器、樹藝、蠶桑、牧養、荒政等門、除總結自己種植糧食作物和棉花的成功經驗外，還對水利和荒政以較大篇幅進行了研究。他研究了中國曆代的荒年，甚至仔細研究了111次蝗災的具體情況。
他認為要徹底消滅荒年就要大興水利，比如在大西北，與其耗費運力從東南運送糧食，不如開墾西北荒地，大興水利，把大西北建成產糧基地。書中輯錄了大量前代和當時的文獻，是明代重要的農業科學鉅著。
Introduction to Xu Guangqi
Nongzheng Quanshu (also Comprehensive Treatise on Agricultural Administration ), was writen by Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) in the late Ming Dynasty.Born in the Songjiang area in Jangsu Province (now in Shanghai) where agriculture was advanced, he was devoted to agricultural development all his life. During the three-year mourning for his deceased father, he conducted massive agricultural and plowing experiments in his home village, and then went to Tianjin for similar experiments several times, the consequence of which was the completion of the agricultural encyclopedia.
He died in his tenure of office, and it was a friend of his who helped publish the book in the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Chongzhen, i. e. in 1639. The book is divided into 60 volumes, including the agriculture-oriented thought, land policy, water conservancy, farm tools, arboriculture, sericulture, animal husbandry, relief policies and the like. Besides summarizing his successful experience in growing crops and cotton, he went into details about water conservancy and relief policies. He studied the lean years in Chinese history, even delving into the concrete situations of the 111 locust plagues which ever happened in China.
The most effective way of putting an end to lean years, he believed, was to conduct water conservancy projects on a large scale. In the Northwest, as he instantiated his point, instead of delivering grain from the Southeast with great efforts, people should learn to reclaim the wasteland and launch large-scale water conservancy projects, turning the Northwest into a major grain yielding area. A great number of reference books written before or at the time were recorded in his book, which was a monumental agricultural work in the Ming Dynasty.
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