高中三大从句和并列句附解析

并列句和三大从句关联词专练

语法填空中,当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填关联词;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(and/but/so/or);从属句间常依据句子的属性是名词性从句、形容词性从句还是副词性从句来确定其关联词。具体解题技巧如下:

第一步:分析结构,若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连接词,空格必填连接词(此处的连接词包括并列连词,如:and, but, or, while, so, for等;引导状语从句的从属连词;引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词;引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词和连词that, if, whether)。

第二步:根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或根据句式结构来确定是并列结构还是某种主从复合句。

第三步:若是主从复合句,要根据从句的特点,结合连词的意义和作用,确定填具体的某个连接词。

定语从句: 关系代词 who (主语) whom (宾语) that(主语/宾语) which(主语/宾语) whose(所有格)

关系副词 when(时间) where(地点) why(原因) how(方式)

名词性从句: 连词 that,if,whether

连接代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as,what,whether

连接副词 when,why,where,how(+ever)

连词: 因果关系 because, as, since, so 转折关系 though, but

假设关系 if, unless  让步关系 though, although

时间关系 when, while, as, before, after, until, since

结果关系 so that,such that 比较关系 as…as,than

【易混易错】

强调句型与主语从句、状语从句、定语从句的区别:

1.强调句型与主语从句的比较

强调句型将句子中的it is/was与that/who同时省去,句子仍然成立;而包含主语从句的句子用that从句代替it,句子成立。如:

☛It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。

(本句若将It was 及that同时省去为:You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.句子同样成立,因此本句是强调句型。)

☛It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我们成功地发射了神舟十号这件事情真令人兴奋。(本句若将It is 及that同时省去为:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.显然句子错误,因此,本句不是强调句型,that引导主语从句,it是形式主语。)

2.强调句型与定语从句的比较

强调句型中的it没有实际意义,it is/was与that/who去掉后句子结构仍然完整。但定语从句中的it be和作主语的that去掉后句子结构不完整。

3.强调句型与状语从句的比较

强调句型中的it is/was与that/who同时省去,句子仍然成立;而包含状语从句的句子it是主语。如:

☛It was 8 o’clock when they went home.他们回家时是8点。

(句中代词it作主语,指代时间,when引导时间状语从句)

☛It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.他们是在8点回家的。

(本句是强调句型,at 8 o’clock是被强调部分)

1.【2019年•全国 II卷】Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, ______ because I want to.”

2.【2019•全国卷I】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic

3.【2019年浙江卷】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _____gives off light in the dark.

4. 【2018•全国卷III】I'm not sure _________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

5. Word came _______ the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be busy.

6. There were so many kinds of bikes in the shop that he really didn’t know _____ he could choose.

7. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old people ______ they swam in it.

8. There is no point in giving up something you enjoy ________ you get something back that’s even better.

9. Zhang Ze took on a victory in the 2019 French Open, ___________we all regard as the highest-ranked Chinese male player.

10. They’re not simply made in China, designed in the country.

11. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree ­ lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.

12. This is ________ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.

13. The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.

14. When traveling, we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration,1 attracts me very much.

1.【答案】but

【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应,构成“不是…而是 …”之意,故填but。

2.【答案】that

【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。

3.【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

4.【答案】which/who

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which或who表示“哪一个”。

5.【答案】that

【解析】考查同位语从句。句意:消息传来,学生们要把郊游推迟到下周,那时他们不太忙。可知word这里是“消息”的意思,后面的内容是对消息的内容进行说明,用that引导同位语从句,that不做成分。

6.【答案】which

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:商店里有很多种自行车,他真的不知道该选哪一种。此处为宾语从句,从句中的choose缺少宾语,根据“so many kinds of bikes”可知此处表示“在具体范围之内的某一种”。

7.【答案】when

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:一些关于这条河的照片使老人们回想起了过去他们在河里游泳的日子。此处days是先行词,指时间,在后面的定语从句中作时间状语,故先行词用when。

8.【答案】unless

【解析】考查状语从句连词。句意:如果你不能得到更好的东西,那么放弃你喜欢的东西就是没有意义的。根据句意可知本句应该使用unless引导条件状语从句。

9.【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:张泽在2019年法国网球公开赛上取得了胜利,我们都认为他是中国排名最高的男单选手。此处Zhang Ze是先行词,指人,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作宾语。用who引导非限制性定语从句。

10.【答案】but

【解析】考查并列句。本句为结构not...but...不是……而是……,故用but。

11.【答案】where

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:简在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着,不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。

12.【答案】why

【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是为什么有这样的一种说法,求忙人才能做成事。Be动词后面的句子是表语从句,表示原因,故填why。

13.【答案】who/that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who或that。

14.【答案】which

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:在旅途中,我们将玩得很开心,而且会学到一些东西,这一点非常吸引我。空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的整句话,故填which。

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