一、名词性从句概述
二、名词性从句要点
1. 主语从句
1）that从句位于句首时，that不能省略。如：
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
2）主语从句可放在句首，也可放在句尾（用it作形式主语），但后一种结构用得多一些。如：
Whoever thought of that idea is a genius.
It’s strange that she never mentioned the wedding.
2. 宾语从句
1）当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
I remember I made it quite clear to you that I was not coming.
2）当主句的主语是第一人称，且谓语为think, believe, suppose, expect等动词时，如果宾语从句表示否定意思，通常否定前移，即否定主句的谓语。如：
I don’t think there’s a computer store in the town.
I don’t believe that she’s ever been to Hong Kong.
3）宾语从句亦可用作介词或形容词的宾语。如：
She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.
I’m not sure when I saw her last.
4）引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中可省略，但在下列情况中，that需保留：
a. 主、从句之间有表示时间等的状语时that不能省略，否则会产生歧义。如：
She said last night that she did some reading.
b. 主、从句之间有插入语时不可省去that。如：
I don’t doubt, providing they play well enough, that our school team will win the match.
c. 引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个以及第二个以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。如：
He said he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand.
3. 表语从句
1）当主语是reason且后面的表语从句表示原因时通常用that引导；而当it，this或that作主语，后面的表语从句表示原因时，常用because或why引导。如：
My reason is that the cost will be too high.
I had to catch the first train. That / This / It was why I left so early.
2）表语从句还可由as if / as though等引导。as if / as though引导表语从句时，主句中的动词可用be, seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。如：
She looks as if / as though she had seen a ghost.
This meat tastes as if / as though it has already gone bad.
4. 同位语从句
1）同位语从句通常由that引导，但whether, who, where等有时也可引导同位语从句。如：
Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him.
I have no idea whether I should buy a car or not.
The question who goes abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
2）可接同位语从句的通常是一些表示抽象意义的名词，常见的有fact, idea, belief, message, news, conclusion, decision, doubt, hope, chance, thought等。如：
You must live with the fact that you are no longer as strong as you were.
3）同位语从句有时不直接跟在它所解释说明的名词后面，而是被其它成分隔开。如：
Word came from Jim that a power station would be built here soon.
三、引导名词性从句的连接词辨析
1. what与that
1）what引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：
No one knows what will happen next.
What you need is a good long vacation.
Your mother’s health is not what it ought to be.
Please ask her what experience she has had.
2）that引导名词性从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分。
2. whether与if
1）whether引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾，而if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。如：
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
It doesn’t make any difference whether / if it snows or not.
2）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if则不能。如：
The question is whether it is worth doing.
The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.
3）whether可引导介词后的宾语从句，if则不能。如：
Jane hesitated as to whether she should take our advice.
4）whether后可直接跟or not，if则不能。如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?
3. whoever与whomever
在正式语体中，whomever 是whoever 的宾格形式；在非正式语体中，人们用whoever来代替whomever。如：
Whoever says that is a liar.
The managers may employ whoever / whomever they choose.
4. whatever与whichever
与whatever 相比，whichever常有明确的选择范围。如：
I am willing to pay whatever price you ask.
Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.
高考链接
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Without his support, we wouldn’t be ________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
2. This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
4. Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
5. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
6. She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
7. The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
审稿 | 李栋
校稿 | 吕放
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