羅克福德公共學校
Rockford Public School / CannonDesign
由專築網小R，王雪純編譯
來自建築事務所的描述：儘管兒童占人口的一大組成部分，但他們基本上沒有政治權力，因此他們需要監護人。羅克福德公共學校的設計過程與思路就來源於此。該學校專為學生們而設計。這座建築就是個小社區。在和學校校長進行溝通的過程中，設計團隊瞭解到該地區會和兒童們共同舉行“晨間活動”，這些兒童們有著來自各方面的困難與創傷。這些活動能夠幫助孩子們釋放負面能量，同時幫助他們吸收新信息，和其他小朋友們一起玩耍共處。
Text description provided by the architects. Children are a segment of the population with essentially zero political power. Any power they do hold is by proxy. The process and resulting solution for Rockford Public Schools’ new K-5 prototype school pivots this dynamic, designing with students rather than for them. This architecture is community. During discovery meetings with the school principal, the design team learned the district holds “morning briefings” with their students, many of whom have disadvantageous, difficult and even traumatic home lives. The briefings are designed to help students release any negative energy they may hold, so they can best take in new information and collaborate with peers throughout the day.
設計團隊在瞭解到這些“晨間活動”對於孩子們的重要性之後，建築師們構思了功能空間設計方案，確保孩子們能夠在這裡得到很好的發展。經過預算與空間限制的考量，設計團隊與羅克福德四年級學生共同合作，在建築的中央設計了大型活動廳。這個活動廳融合了學校的體育館、餐廳、藝術空間、圖書館，及其他公共功能，讓“晨間活動”提供場所。
Recognizing the importance of these “morning briefings” with students, our team identified a need for more programmatic space to ensure they could occur and students could best thrive. Balancing budget and space constraints, the design team in collaboration with Rockford 4th grade students designed a covered town hall at the center of the building. The town hall unites the school’s gymnasium, cafeteria, art spaces, library and other public spaces while providing a home for the briefings.
中央活動廳有著適合不同年齡兒童學習的空間，包括幼兒園、一年級、二年級、三年級、四年級，以及五年級。學生們也參與了設計過程，因此建築師並沒有應用諸如長走廊、固定教室設施等傳統方式，起而代之的是更加現代且開放的設計理念。設計概念成為了建築的核心，同時強調了社區的整體氛圍。在羅克福德K-5原型學校的案例中，整體的概念得到了利益最大化。
The central town hall is surrounded by grade-level learning communities specifically designed to the needs of the distinct age groupings: kindergarten, first and second, third and fourth and fifth grades. As a result of engaging students in the design process, the school moves away from traditional features - such as long corridors and fixed, immovable classroom objects that inhibit interaction and skill development - to embrace a more open village design concept. This concept creates hubs for connection throughout the building and enhances a sense of community. In the case of the Rockford K-5 prototype school, the whole is truly greater than the sum of its parts.
孩子們被這個又能學習又能玩耍的建築深深地吸引。整個項目似乎在回應著這樣一個事實，即在86000平方英尺（約7890平方米）的空間中，高效地利用空間也許是一件困難的事。設計團隊受到了兒童繪畫的影響，因此構思了獨特的活動空間，甚至沒有遮擋來自街道的視野，有效地消除了封閉感。每個空間都有著特別的幾何形窗戶，通過色彩進行區分功能，讓孩子們更好地在整個大空間中瞭解每個功能區域。
The architecture engages children directly, at once both stimulating and educational. It inherently responds to the reality that entering kindergarten - in this case an 86,000 SF building - can be a remarkably difficult transition and intimidating experience. Influenced by the drawings of children, the design team created unique kindergarten spaces that are visible from the street to help eliminate any intimidation. Each space has unique geometric windows with different colors that break the scale of the school down to the one room schoolhouse, allowing kindergarten students to understand their space in the larger community.
窗戶靠近樓層而設置，讓孩子們能去充分感知周邊世界。幾何設計策略讓孩子們一邊玩耍一邊學習。其中還有一些集成傢俱，讓孩子們能夠更好地瞭解到虛與實之間的物理關係。這種空間設施對於他們的成長來說不可或缺。在這樣的學習社區之中，柔軟的可移動傢俱可以讓孩子們自由地推拉放置。他們會在這裡合作、社交、體驗，感受每一天的樂趣。
The windows, installed near floor level, are irresistible to the kindergartners, beckoning them to engage with the world around them. This geometric strategy extends to other spaces throughout the building where students learn while playing. With integrated furniture, the students learn mass and void relationships in the physical world. This spatial reasoning is essential for their development. In the learning communities, the soft, moveable furniture is designed to be pushed, pulled, and repositioned any way the students desire. Their collaboration, community, and experience is remade by them each day.
最後，整座建築的設計呼應了美國伊利諾伊州羅克福德的社區感。建築師以社區的農業與工業設施為基礎，將整個空間劃分為小型功能區域，表達了學生們對於場所與建築的理解。就宏觀而言，建築可以分為歷史、社區、文化類別，而就微觀而言，則可以分為人物個體、認知發展、學習風格等類別，因此，設計團隊將學生們和社區整合成為了一個全新的整體。
Finally, the architecture of the whole is designed to reflect the larger community of Rockford, Illinois. Drawing on the community’s agrarian and industrial roots, the 86,000-sf facility is broken down into smaller, identifiable masses, reflecting the student’s understanding of architecture and place. Looking at both the macro (history, community, culture) and the micro (postures, cognitive development, learning styles) the design team synthesized a new prototype for both the students and the community.
建築設計：CannonDesign
地點：美國，伊利諾伊州，羅克福德
類別：學校
主創建築師：Darren Poon, Eric Wyszkowski
設計負責人：Robert Benson
面積：86000.0 平方英尺（約7890平方米）
項目時間：2018年
攝影：Robert Benson, Christopher Barrett
製造商：Draper, HUFCOR, Tandus Centiva, Sunflex, McNeel, Autodesk
項目指導：Stuart Brodsky
機械工程：Keith Hammelman, Javier Madrigal
電力工程：John Economou, Kassam Masters, Sarah Bower
燈光設計：Raisa Shigol
管道/防火設施：Andrew Grabowski
結構設計：Justin Holmes
造價估算：Mike Hepp, Bill Grill, Gerry Horner, Bryan Knapp
其他建築團隊成員：Geoff Walters, Ronald Harrison, Marion Lawson, Keri VanSant, Mary Cavanaugh, Sanja Kuntz, Raquel Morales, Nicole Wiznitzer, Christopher Defosset
其他工程團隊成員：Pedro Tenorio, Tasnim Tanveer
Architects: CannonDesign
Location: Rockford, Illinois, United States
Category: Schools
Architecture: Darren Poon, Eric Wyszkowski
Design Principal: Robert Benson
Area: 86000.0 ft2
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: Robert Benson, Christopher Barrett
Manufacturers: Draper, HUFCOR, Tandus Centiva, Sunflex, McNeel, Autodesk
Project Director: Stuart Brodsky
Mechanical Engineering: Keith Hammelman, Javier Madrigal
Electrical Engineering: John Economou, Kassam Masters, Sarah Bower
Lighting Design: Raisa Shigol
Plumbing/Fire Protection: Andrew Grabowski
Structural Design: Justin Holmes
Cost Estimating: Mike Hepp, Bill Grill, Gerry Horner, Bryan Knapp
Additional Architecture Team Members: Geoff Walters, Ronald Harrison, Marion Lawson, Keri VanSant, Mary Cavanaugh, Sanja Kuntz, Raquel Morales, Nicole Wiznitzer, Christopher Defosset
Additional Engineering Team Members: Pedro Tenorio, Tasnim Tanveer
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