「龍騰網」6年來沒有一個印度製造的大型國防項目取得進展（上）

正文翻譯
原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：chuhao123 轉載請註明出處

NEW DELHI: None of the major ‘Make in India’ projects in the defence arena, ranging from new-generation stealth submarines, minesweepers and light utility helicopters to infantry combat vehicles, transport aircraft and fighter jets, have actually taken off in the last six years. These long-pending projects, collectively worth over Rs 3.5 lakh crore, are either stuck or still meandering through different stages, without the final contracts to launch production being inked. The relatively new project to manufacture around 7,50,000 Kalashnikov AK-203 assault rifles in a joint venture with Russia at the Korwa ordnance factory in UP, in fact, is the one poised to kick off first.
從新一代隱形潛艇、掃雷艦、輕型通用直升機，到步兵戰車、運輸機和戰鬥機，在過去6年裡，國防領域的“印度製造”項目沒有一個真正啟動。這些項目總價值超過35萬億盧比，長期懸而未決，要麼停滯不前，要麼仍在不同階段艱難前行，沒有簽署投產的最終合同。而一個相對較新的項目，也就是與俄羅斯合資，在北方邦的科爾瓦兵工廠生產約750,000支卡拉什尼科夫AK-203突擊步槍，反而準備第一個開始。
TOI in October 2017 had done a stock-taking of six mega Make in India projects to find that bureaucratic bottlenecks, long-winded procedures, commercial and technical wranglings, coupled with lack of requisite political push and follow-through, continued to stymie their launch. Two years later, the story more or less remains the same for seven major projects (see graphic). India since then has scrapped the massive fifth-generation fighter aircraft project with Russia in favour of the indigenous advanced medium combat aircraft (AMCA) project, as was reported by TOI earlier.
印度時報在2017年10月對6個大型印度製造項目進行了盤點，發現官僚主義的瓶頸、冗長的程序、商業和技術上的爭吵，再加上缺乏必要的政治推動和跟進，繼續阻礙了這些項目的推出。兩年後，這7個主要項目的情況或多或少保持不變(見圖表)。印度時報早些時候報道稱，自那以後，印度取消了與俄羅斯的大規模第五代戰鬥機項目，轉而支持本國的先進中型戰鬥機(AMCA)項目。

Under the SP policy, the first project will be the Navy’s quest for 111 armed, twin-engine utility choppers at a cost of over Rs 21,000 crore. But just as four Indian firms (Tata, Adani, Mahindra Defence and Bharat Forge) and three foreign manufacturers (Airbus, Kamov and Lockheed Martin-Sikorsky) were recently shortlisted, defence PSU Hindustan Aeronautics has sounded the alarm over it not being considered for the helicopter project. Similarly, the Navy’s case for six new stealth diesel-electric submarines, which was first approved in November 2007 at a cost of over Rs 50,000 crore, is also nowhere near finalisation under the SP model.
然而根據SP政策，第一個項目將是海軍尋求111架武裝雙引擎通用直升機，項目成本超過2100億盧比。但是，就在四家印度公司(塔塔、阿達尼、馬欣德拉防務和巴拉特鍛造)和三家外國製造商(空中客車、卡莫夫和洛克希德馬丁-西科斯基)最近被列入入圍名單時，國防大學印度斯坦航空學卻發出了警報，因為它沒有被考慮參與直升機項目。同樣，印度海軍在2007年11月首次批准了6艘新型隱形柴電潛艇，耗資超過5000億盧比，但是在SP模式下，也距離完成相去甚遠。
Take another project. India and Russia had inked the inter-governmental agreement to manufacture 200 Kamov-226T light-utility helicopters for over $1 billion in December 2015. But it is stuck in the technical uation stage over the “low level of indigenisation” being offered by Russia, say sources. This much-delayed project for the twin-engine light utility helicopters is considered crucial because India’s endeavour to buy 197 such choppers from abroad has been scrapped three times over the last decade due to corruption allegations and technical deviations.
還有另一個項目。2015年12月，印度和俄羅斯簽署了一項政府間協議，以超過10億美元的價格生產200架卡莫夫-226t輕型通用直升機。但消息人士表示，由於俄羅斯提出的方案“本土化水平過低”，該計劃仍處於技術評估階段。這一拖延已久的雙引擎輕型通用直升機項目被認為是至關重要的，但是由於腐敗指控和技術偏差，印度這個從國外購買197架該型直升機的努力，在過去10年裡，已經取消了3次。

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原創翻譯：龍騰網 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻譯：chuhao123 轉載請註明出處
---------reddit評論----------

Akhand Bharat
Well, if a train is purchased from outside, there would be a lot of commissions for the Railway board.
Never mind that Train 18 is a marvelous piece of engineering
嗯，如果從外面購買一輛火車，鐵路局會得到很多佣金。
沒關係，18號線是一項了不起的工程。
jedimomos
Fuck commission if it’s made in India many poor people will have jobs and stable income
去他媽的佣金，如果在印度製造，很多窮人都能獲得工作和穩定的收入。
Raxost351
It is not necessary to ban 100% imports. We should have some samples of latest tech even if fully imported.
沒有必要完全禁止進口。即使完全進口，我們也應該有一些最新技術的樣品。
Critical_Finance
Privatise the defence industry, else we will remain the biggest importer
把國防工業私有化吧，否則我們將依然是最大的進口國。
Maj_Karma
Yeah? Where will the private sector gets its defence technology from? It''''s going to lead to foreign companies (and countries) getting their foot in the door.
什麼？私營部門的國防技術從何而來？這將導致外國公司(和國家)涉足我們的市場。
NorthJury
They can get the technology from HAL and then do a better job than them.
他們可以從印度航空得到技術，然後做出比後者更好的成果。

liberalindianguy
Easier said than done. Defence industry needs huge R&D budget and an highly advanced and matured tech industry. Indian private sector has neither. At least when it’s public the govt can keep pumping money.
說起來容易做起來難。國防工業需要龐大的研發預算和高度先進成熟的技術產業。印度私營部門兩者都沒有。至少當它屬於公共部門的時候，政府可以繼續注入資金。
Top_Customer
The problem is bureaucracy. You cannot build a 21st century superpower with 19th century state apparatus. Forget about superpower, you cannot accomplish anything with this colonial bureaucracy. Political class is too clueless or self serving. Modi too has no interest in taking on them. Just buzzwords and a minute action across a whole term like 10 lateral entries at the end of five year term. I bet the next ten would be appointed in 2024. Because there is no established civil society or intellegntsia that is favourable to him or closer to his political views and he too is stubborn and insecure about the present establishment, all he has left is the rusted bureaucracy.
問題在於官僚主義。你不可能用19世紀的國家機器來建立一個21世紀的超級大國。忘掉超級大國吧，有了這個殖民官僚主義，我們什麼也幹不了。政治階層太愚蠢，太自私。莫迪也沒有興趣對付他們。從頭到尾只有一些時髦的詞彙和三分鐘熱度，就像5年任期結束時有10個橫向項目。我敢打賭等到2024年我們又會提出10個宏偉的項目。因為沒有對他有利或更接近他政治觀點的成熟的公民社會或知識分子，他也對目前的體制頑固而缺乏安全感，他只剩下鏽跡斑斑的官僚機構。
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RoyalContext0
You got a source for that Chinese 6th generation aircrafts? I can understand USA making them but not China.
More difficult that making a 5th generation fighter is making a Jet engine for a 5th gen. Only USA has this jet engine tech. Russia and China don''''t.
China can''''t even make a decent 5th generation so lets not talk about 6th generation. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/08/chinese-theft-of-sensitive-us-military-technology-still-huge-problem.html
Look up on google why the J-20 isn''''t really considered a 5th generation (I mean how can you if you don''''t have supercruise, your back end is non-stealthy etc)
Both the Russians and Chinese are having trouble making a high thrust super cruising jet engine which is essential for a 5th gen fighter because without that you have to use afterburners to super cruise which gives away your position and makes you non-stealthy. So once they make those engines when we can talk about them developing 5th gen fighter. 6th gen is still a dream for them.
Russia''''s Su-57 has a huge problem with not being as stealthy, thats the whole reason India pulled out of the FGFA program and decided to build its own. Heck the SU-57 does''''t even have SERPENTINE inlets lol (you can see its jet engine blades in photos and they return a huge radar signal aka not stealthy), in addition to no super cruise, it doesn''''t have conformational IRST (again you can see this in the photos, as the blob in the front of the plane by the cockpit in the front of it), so where are you getting this info that its 5th generation. https://www.quora.com/Was-the-stealth-feature-of-the-Su-57-just-a-ruse
USA also accused China of stealing its stealth technology like leading edge cooling (when planes fly fast their leading edge surfaces get hot and that can be tracked by a heat shaking missile so they have to cool those edges and the Chinese stole that data). I will be impressed if the Chinese can make something by not stealing the technology first.
你有中國第六代飛機的消息來源嗎？我能理解美國正在造六代機，但不是中國。
比製造第五代戰鬥機更困難的是，為五代機制造噴氣發動機，只有美國有這種噴氣發動機技術，而俄羅斯和中國沒有。
中國連像樣的五代機都造不出來，更不要提六代機了。
到谷歌上看看，為什麼J20其實不能當做五代機（我是說，如果沒有超級巡航、後端沒有隱身功能等，怎麼能叫做五代機）。
俄羅斯和中國都在製造高推力的超級巡航噴氣式發動機上遇到了困難，而它對第五代戰鬥機來說是很重要的，因為如果沒有它，你就必須使用加力燃燒器來進行超級巡航，這會暴露飛機的位置，讓它變得不隱形。所以一旦他們製造了這些引擎，我們再來談論他們開發第五代戰鬥機。第六代仍然是他們的夢想。
俄羅斯的蘇-57有很大的問題，就是不能隱形，這就是印度退出FGFA項目並決定建造自己的原因。見鬼的SU-57甚至有蛇形進氣口，哈哈(你可以在照片中看到它的噴氣發動機葉片，會反射巨大的雷達信號，也就是不能隱形)，除了沒有超級巡航，它沒有IRST結構(你可以再看看這些照片,也就是飛機前側緊靠駕駛艙前面的那一團)，所以誰告訴你它是第五代戰鬥機的？

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