虚拟语气又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反，在现实中并不存在，或实现的可能性很小（动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等）。

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。

May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！

考点聚焦

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（常出题点！！！）

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设：条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army.

If she had time, she should go with you.

（2）表示与过去的事实相反: 条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。

如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.

（3）表示与将来事实相反: 条件状语从句

中的谓语动词一般过去时或should/were to/did + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。

如:

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

If it should rain, the crops could be saved.

If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.

Note: 三种变化形式

1.错综条件句： 虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。

如：

If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）

2.省略if的条件句： 在书面语中，非真实条件句中有were, had, should时，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主语前，用倒装结构。

Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）

Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）

Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）

3.含蓄条件句： 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。大体有下列情况：

（1）条件暗含在短语中（记住but for和without是虚拟语气的提示词）

He would not get such a result today without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中,按照主句的谓语动词形式虚拟)

But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中，but for=without都是“没有”，“要不是”的意思)

（2）条件用其他形式来表示

He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.　他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是He must have been there)

She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. 她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。（条件通过连词otherwiseor表示出来 If she had not been ill...）

注意：or和otherwise 也是虚拟语气的提示词

Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do 假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办？（用suppose，supposing，providing等词表示if）

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”：表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。（常出题点）

如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer.

I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist 、request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。（常出题点也是坑点，因为可以用动词原形）

如：

The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator.

考官要求学生不要使用计算器。

The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent.

工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。

They requested that he (should) sing a song.

他们要求他唱一首歌。

比较：

动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。

suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示）

He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）

insist作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。

He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。（强调）

He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：

His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。

必背！！！

常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词

形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等

动词的-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等

It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。

It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。

It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。

3.虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用（了解就好，不常出题）

（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：

He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter.

It’s high time we were going.

（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：

If only I were a bird.

If only I had taken his advice.

精典名题导解

选择填空

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______.

A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken

解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。

2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.

A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come

解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。

3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A.was warned; would not take

B.had been warned; would not have taken

C.would be warned; had not taken

D.would have been warned; had not taken

解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。

练一练吧

1．I enjoyed the movie very much．I wish I the book from which it was made．

A．have read B．had read C．should have read D．am reading

2．You are late．If you a few minutes earlier,you him．

A．came；Would meetB．had come；Would have met

C．come；Will meet D．had come；would meet

3．I can’t stand him．He always talks as though he everything·

A．knew B．knows C．has know D．had known

4．His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad．

A．will take B．would take C．take D．took

5．We might have failed if you us a helping hand．

A．have not given B．would not give C．had not given D．did not give

6．The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month．

A．has B．have C．had D．will have

7．He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting．

A．would come B．would have been C．could have been D．would be

8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier．

A．will be B．would have been C．could have been D．would be

9． the fog，we should have reached our schoo1．

A．Because of B．In spite of C．In case of D．But for

10．—What will you do during winter vacation?

—I don’t know，but it’s about time something·

A．I decided B．I’ll decide C．I’d decided D．I’m deciding

11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party．

A．would come B．came C．would have come D．should come

12．The two strangers talked as if they friends for years．

A．should be B．had been C．have been D．were

13．Look! What you’ve done!You have been more careful．

A．should B．may C．ought D．would

14．Without electricity，what ?

A．will the world be like B．would the world be like

C．the world will be like D．the World Would be like

15．With your ability，you out the puzzle within a few minutes．

A． could have worked B．need have worked

B． C．ought have worked D．must have worked

16．My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible．

A．is taken B．must be taken C．be taken D．has to be taken

17．If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now．

A．would have had B．would have C．must be having D．would be having

18． here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．

A．Had he been B．If he were C．Were he D．Should be he

19．His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk．

A．had been B．was C．be D．should be

20．Do you feel that I

the problem in a different way the other day?

A．should come B．should have solved C．have solved D．solved

21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he on time，we would have to put off the meeting．

A．should come B．would come C．shouldn’t come D．doesn’t come

22．He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest．

A．was；be allowed B．was；must be allowed

C．should be；must be allowed D．should be；be allowed

23．He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was．

A．and B．but C．otherwise D．but that

24．I do I could give you a hand．

A．hope B．wish C．expect D．think

25．I Would rather she tomorrow than today．

A．come B．came C．should D．has come

26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules．

A．obeys B．obey C．will obey D．Would obey

27．I her if I thought she would understand．

A．would tell B．will tell C．Would have to1d D．told

28．The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day．

A．1earn B．to learn C．must learn D．1earning

29．—If he ，he that food．

—Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．

A．Was warmed；would not take B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken

C．would be warmed；had not taken D．would have been warmed；had not taken

30．Without electricity human life quite different today．

A．is B．will be C．would have been D．Would be

答案

l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD

虚拟语气强化训练

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

13. I wish I ___________ with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone

15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

28. It’s high time they____________ this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited

34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.

A. should send to B. should be sent

C. be went to D. must be sent to

36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.

A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise

37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.

A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey

38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of

good to her.

A. takes B. must take C. take D. took

39. If only I ________ driving before.

A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn

40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.

A. If, didn’t leave B. Had not, leftC. Hadn’t, leftD. Didn’t, leave

答案

1 ~ 20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB

21 ~ 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC