英语桥
我只讲最基本的。
在定语从句里,关系词连接主句和从句,并重复指代先行词(被修饰的成分)。根据指代部分在从句中的作用,关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
不多废话,先举例:
关系代词:
常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that.
可见关系代词指代了people,相当于 people are never on time, 用从句表达出了不守时的人的意思。这个关系代词在从句种是主语。
常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that.
先行词是人,关系代词用who(先行词是主语),whom(先行词是宾语)
The girl who is talking with you is my sister.
正在和你说话的女孩是我妹妹。
关系代词who在从句种是主语。
表示人或物的从属,用关系代词whose
She is a girl whose beauty can capture all of us.
她是一个美貌能把我们大伙全部征服的美女。
从句的主语是whose beauty,she是被修饰的先行词.
先行词是物,用which
They paved new roads, which made the life of the citizens better.
他们铺了新路,这让市民们的生活更容易了。
从句的主语是which,修饰new roads.
作为关系代词的that,先行词可是人,也可是物,所以先行词不明确一定用that
The country that we live in has a long history.
我们所居住的这个国家有漫长的历史。
That在从句做宾语。可用in which替换。
关系副词:
常见的关系副词后when, where和why。关系副词之所以是副词,因为它们指代的成分在从句里充当副词。
When是表时间的关系副词
看例句,when指代的the day在从句中是副词,I first met you on that day (when指代的成分). 所以,when和可被on which取代。
Where是表地点的关系副词。
上面的句子可以直接copy,稍作改动:
I will never forget the place where I first met you.
我永远不会忘记我们初见的地方。
再来一个例句:
This is the restaurant where I often treat my friends.
这就是我经常招待朋友的那个餐厅。
I often treat my friends at that restaurant (where指代的成分). 所以where是关系副词。
Why是表原因的关系副词
This is the reason why I don’t love you.
这就是我不爱你的原因。
I don’t love you because of this reason(why指代的成分),原因状语.
英语学人
1.关系代词的用法(that、which、who……)
①Harry Porter is a boy.
②The boy has magic power.
合并前的准备
①Harry Porter is a boy.(主句不变)
②Who(the boy)has magic power.
(从句把与 主句重复的部分 换成关系词,the boy换成who)
(表人用who,表物用which,that既能表人也能表物,但that暗含有指示的功能!)
(重复的部分在主句中叫先行词!!!)
合并
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
意义:我们用一个句子不能深层次的描述一件事物(或人物),所以我们用两个句子,两种角度合并起来 立体的描述它(他),但我们又要分清主次!
当然我们可以站在更多角度来解释一件事物(或人物),但冗长的句子让人崩溃,所以人们将句子的从句们全部简化(简化形式to do、doing、done,不明白的看前面的文章),这就是我们常见的超长复合句!!!各种从句简化下回说!
① I like the book.
② You bought the book yesterday.
合并前的准备
① I like the book.(主句不变)
② You bought which yesterday↓.(the book换成which)
②which you bought yesterday.(关系词必须提前)
合并
I like the book which you bought yesterday.
2.关系副词的用法(when、where、why……)!
① This is the place.
② I was born in the place.
合并前的准备
① This is the place.
② I was born in which.↓(用which替换the place)
② I was born where.↓(in which = where)
② where I was born.(关系词提前!)
合并
This is the place where I was born.
这是形容词从句(表语从句),不是状语从句!他们有区别,但有时可以相互转化!下回说!
① Can you tell me the reason?
② You lied to me for a reason.
合并前的准备
① Can you tell me the reason?
② You lied to me for which↓.(用which替换a reason)
② You lied to me why↓.(for which=why)
② Why you lied to me.(关系词提前)
合并
Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?
九格英语学习
其实中文的"关系代词"和"关系副词"已经给了我们答案…什么是"代",代就是代指,能够起到代指作用的,一般就是代词,而代词在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语,所以关系代词在定语从句中一般作的就是主宾表。如: I like music that I can dance to. 我们发现,that在定语从句that I can dance to中不仅起到引导定语从句的作用,还在从句中作dance to的宾语
同理,"副词"一般作状语,所以关系副词在从句中一般作状语。如: I like the place where I was born.在定语从句where I was born中,where在从句中充当的是状语成分。
总结:关系代词包括that,which,who, whom, whose, as; 关系副词包括when,where,why,that(that作为特殊的关系副词,引导方式状语)
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主,宾,表,定语;
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
2.先行词是人不能用which引导;先行词是物,不能用who与whom引导
3.在从句中可作主语的关系代词:that,which,who,as
4.在从句中可作宾语,表语的关系代词:that,which,who, as, whom(whom因为是who的宾格形式,所以只能在从句中作宾语或表语)
5.在从句中作定语的关系代词:whose
6.when在从句作时间状语,where在从句中作地点状语,why在从句中作原因状语,that在从句中作方式状语
***定语从句关系词的选择公式:一找二代三替换
如刚才所举例子:
I like music________ I can dance to.
一找先行词: music
二代先行词到从句中: I can dance to the music.
三根据先行词在句中所作成分进行关系词替换:在句中作宾语,且先行词是物。故填that\\which或则直接省略掉
I like the place______I was born.
一找先行词:place
二代先行词到从句中:I was born in the place
三根据先行词在从句中的成分进行替换:我们发现,当把先行词place带入从句中,需要加个介词,才能组成一个完整句子; 相当于place在从句中作的是地点状语,故用关系副词where来引导
再举一个例子: The book_______cover is blue belongs to me.
一找先形词:book
二代从句中: The book's cover is blue
三进行替换:book要变成名词所有格形式book's,表示"书的",才能组成一个完整句子,即book在从句中作定语,故填whose