2018英語介詞用法歸納

2018英語介詞用法歸納

介詞的用法一.表示時間日期的介詞1. at:主要表示方向、場所、時間的某一點at the corner of the street,at dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a dozen,come at us固定搭配: at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport, at the weekend,at the age of 25,at the same time, at present,at any time,表示原因,表示“見/聞……而”。 at the newsat 主要表示時間點 表示特定的時間 at night a.m. 在九點鐘  表示不確定的時間 at night, at that time, at Christmas在聖誕期間 當天 on 表示年齡段 at the age of eight 在8歲2. in:表示場所、時間與期限、狀況、方向。主要用來表示較長的時間單位,如月份、季節、年份等in the 1990s in the late 19th century形成“in+時段名詞”的詞組或固定搭配in those days,in the daytime,in a short while,in no time,in time.in 主要表示時間段 一般指相對較長的時間段裡 in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years 在…時間之後,用於將來時 He will be back in a month.介詞in在短語或句型中的省略:1) 某些形容詞/過去分詞後接v-ing形式時,v-ing形式前的介詞in可以省略。be busy (in) doing be engaged (in) doing (忙於……)2) 某些動詞如busy等,常與反身代詞連用,其後的in也可以省略。busy oneself (in) doing3) 某些動詞如spend、pass、waste等與表示時間的名詞連用,後面的介詞也可以省略。spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中介詞也可以省略。5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中,介詞也可省略。固定搭配:in the world,in (the)future,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink,in short,in public, in one’s opinion,in modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air3. on:主要表示在上面、根據或基礎、有關或涉及的方面、表示某天。固定搭配:on doing sth.,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire,on duty,on sale,on the radio, on show,on earth,on one’s own注意:一般帶有宗教色彩的節日名詞前面用at,如聖誕節。一般的節日名詞前用on。on 主要指具體某一天 表示是具體的日期和星期 on Monday, on October 1st,1949. on my birthday 某一天特定的上午下午或半夜 on the night of December 31,1999. on a fine day 在第幾天 on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing.4. by主要表示接近、時限、動作的執行者、方式。固定搭配:by the village, by oneself,by foot(=on foot),by hand,learn … by heart,二.表示地點,方位的介詞5. for主要表示目的、原因、交換值以及時間和距離的長度。固定搭配:make sth. for sb., thank sb. for sth., for example, for sale,for free,for 表示一段時間 表示一件事延續的長短,一般接具體的時間 I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.6. of表示部分與全體的關係、所有關係、來源和所用的材料。of所有格表示的多種關係:1) 從屬關係:the wheel of the car2) 局部----整體關係:some of the water3) 量化關係:a cup of tea4) 描述關係:a professor of learning(知識豐富的教授)5) 同位關係: the city of Beijing6) 動賓關係:the study of the map(研究地圖)7) 主謂關係:the determination of the workers(工人們的決心)固定搭配: be fond of,make fun of,be tired of,of one’s own,instead of, 7. to 主要表示方向、程度、結果、關係和位置。固定搭配to one’s surprise / joy/ astonishment,to the east of,key to…,come up to,add up to,be open to the public, thanks to, stick to,refer to 8.during 表示一段時間 在…期間內,強調在此期間內發生了什麼事y  I studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning English. 可接表示時間延續一段時間的名詞 during my visit to China, during my holiday9.from 與to, till連用 Most people work from nine to five. 多數人過著朝九晚五的生活10.since,since+時間點 從那一刻起,與現在完成與過去完成時連用 He has been here since last Sunday. 自從上星期天起,她就在這裡四、 容易錯、常考的介詞及搭配1. be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in2. call on = visit,call for = go and pick up3. on business (出差)/ strike()罷工 / duty(值日) / holiday / fire / vacation / watch(警戒) / sale(出售) / leave(請假) / guard(警戒)4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.,have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.5. A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(對……感到滿意)7. with the help of,under the leadership of8. by means of(使用),by way of(經由),by heart(記住),by the way9. out of question(毫無疑問),out of the question(毫不可能)10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.11. be thankful to sb. for sth.12. steal sth. from sb.,rob sb. of sth.13. insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth.,stick to,go on doing sth.14. set about doing sth.,set out to do sth.15. look sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face,lead the cow by the nose16. do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour五、 介詞的慣用型1. above all(首先),after all,at all(全然),in all2. day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another3. at peace(和平),at war(戰爭),at times(時常),at dinner4. by oneself,by all means(盡一切辦法、務必),by chance,by accident,by no means(決不、並沒有),by means of(用、依靠) ,by the way5. in her teens(十幾歲),in pain,in danger,in need6. to one’s joy / sorrow / surprise7. with care(仔細地),with joy / pleasure(高興地),with one’s help,with the best wishes(致以我們良好的祝願),without difficulty(毫不困難地),without exception(毫不例外),without delay(立即、馬上)8. according to(依據),along with(和……一起),as to(至於……),because of,except for(除……之外),instead of(代替)9. out of order(不正常),out of date,out of trouble(脫離困境),out of sight,out of debt(還清了債務),out of touch(沒有聯繫)10. at the bottom of,at the centre of,at the end of,at the top of,at the cost of(以……為代價)at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of11. in memory of(紀念),in favour of(同意),in the habit of(有……習慣),in touch with(與……保持聯繫),on the left of,on the eve of(在……前夕)12. from time to time(不時地), from day to day(天天), from hand to hand(一個傳一個),from side to side(左右地),from car to car(一個車廂一個車廂地),from bad to worse(越來越差),from beginning to end(從頭到尾),from hand to mouth(僅能餬口),from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another六.掌握方式、手段、工具的表達方法1)in +文字、語言、材料名詞in English (ink, pencil, capital letters) write in pen, 用鋼筆寫 speak in a low voice 小聲說話2) with +工具、機器;人體器官;情緒、情感、態度的名詞with a branch, with one’s nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with one’s permissionWe can see with our eyes and write with our hands.  I killed a fly with a fly flap. 我用蒼蠅拍打死了一隻蒼蠅3) by 表示泛指的方式、手段by bus, by land, by means of(用……方法), by way of(經由) , by doing sth., by hand(手工), by post(由郵局傳遞), by letter(用寫信的方式), by electricity, by hard work, by the year, by the hour(by + the + 單位名詞) 按……4) 其它表示方式(情況、狀況、手段)的表示法through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice, by telephone (on the telephone), on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good / poor health, in tears,in use, in pain, 七、 注意:某些名詞和介詞的固定搭配1) 要求to:key, answer, visit, apology, introduction以to為中心構成短語的歸納belong to, come to(甦醒), look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to(為……乾杯), object to(反對), reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the music(和著……在……聲中唱/跳), devote oneself to2) 要求in:interest, satisfaction3)以for為中心構成短語的歸納ask for, call for(去接某人), care for(關心), go in for(從事), answer for(對……負責), send for, pay for, praise sb. for(讚揚某人某事), head for(向……方向移動), search for, take … for …(誤以為), leave for, prepare for(為……準備), thank sb. for, make a dive for(向……猛衝), make up for(彌補……損失)4)以on為中心構成短語的歸納come on來吧, call on拜訪, pass on傳遞, carry on進行下去, live on sth.靠……生活, depend on依靠, have on穿著, have pity on同情, look on … as …把……看作, push on推動, spy on窺探, switch / turn on旋開, wait on服侍, walk on繼續走, spend…on …在……上花費時間、金錢, operate on給……動手術, take on a new look呈現新面貌 八、 某些形容詞和介詞的固定搭配1) be afraid of 擔心 be afraid for替……而擔心2) be angry about / at sth.因……而生氣 be angry with sb.對……某人發怒3) be anxious for sth.渴望 be anxious about sth. / sb.擔心4) be different from 與……不同 be indifferent to … ……不關心5) be good at …擅長 be good for …對……有益 be good of sb. to do sth.友好6) be strict with sb.對……嚴格 be strict in sth.7) be popular with sb.受到……歡迎 be popular in some place流行在 ……be popular for因……而流行8) be pleased with + n.或what從句;be pleased at +抽象名詞 聽、看到而高興9) be disappointed at sth. ;be disappointed with sb.對……失望10) be known to sb. ;be known with + n.或從句 ;be known for因……而著名11) be absent from缺席12) be devoted to …獻身於……13) be open to …對……開放14) be poor / clever / expert at …15) be sorry for …替/為……後悔16) be rich in … be interested in …17) be proud of (take pride in)18) be satisfied with / by … be sure of / about …19) be fond of, be fit for, be busy with sth. (in doing sth.)20) be late for, be ready for21) be similar to … ;be wrong with …九、吊尾介詞1) 某些形容詞後接不及物動詞或“V+介”型短語動詞的不定式形式表“反射”,常用吊尾介詞。A) fit, easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy等形容後,常用吊尾介詞。e.g. The girl is easy to get along with.B) be worth doing, be worthy of being done, be worthy to be done, want / require / need doing表反射,常用吊尾介詞。e.g. The problem is worth dealing with.The book is worthy of being referred to.2) 不及物動詞的不定式修飾表“涉及對象、場所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意義的名詞時常帶吊尾介詞。e.g. There is nothing for us to worry about. a room to live in3) 定語從句中,先行詞被一個不及物動詞所修飾,則不及物動詞後要帶介詞,先行詞被“V+介”組成的短語動詞所修飾,介詞常在句尾。e.g. He is the very man I just spoke to. This is the life he is used to.4) 以what,whose,who,whatever等引導的賓語從句、表語從句中常出現“吊尾介詞”。e.g. I don’t know what you do it for.5) 強調句型和特殊疑問句中由於被強調部分和疑問詞位置變更,常出現吊尾介詞。在上下文意義清楚時,特殊疑問句常用省簡結構。e.g. It is the poor boy that we gave the books to.What for?(為什麼?)Where to?(去哪兒?)Who with?(和誰去?)6) 被動語態中“V+介”短語常用吊尾介詞。e.g. He was listened to come here. He has never been spoken to in this way.十常用介詞辨異1. about, on, of 關於on多用於慎重的、正式的語言交際場合。常見於“學術上”的“論文”或“演說”等題目,可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀,有“論及”之意。about表示的內容多為普遍、不那麼正式,有“述及”之意。of作“關於”講,表示提及、涉及某人(事)時,只表示事情存在或發生,並不涉及詳情;有時與about意義相近,但有時意義很不同,常與動詞know、hear、learn(聽說)、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。2. at, on, in(表時間) : at表示時間的一點;in表示一個時期;on表示特殊日子   A. at後常接幾點幾分,天明,中午,日出,日落,開始等。如:    at five o’clock (五點),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日 出), at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那時),at that moment (那會兒),at this time of day (在一天的這個時候)。   B. in後常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季節,世紀等。如:     in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世紀),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/個月),in a week (一週),in spring (春季)。 C. on後跟某日,星期幾,某日的朝夕,節日等,即具體某一天極其早\中、晚.   on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一個溫暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一個夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一個晚上),on Christmas afternoon (聖誕節下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year’s Day.(特別提示): 在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞at, in in一般表示較大的地方 at表示較小的地方  at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the doctor's, in a country, in a town, in the street,3. between, among(表位置) “在…..之間”  A. between僅用於二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關係時,也可用between, 如   I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.  The village lies between three hills.B. among用於三者或三者以上之間。如:   He is the best among the students.4.  except, except for, except that, but, besides, besideexcept“除……之外”,指不包括……,後面常接名詞、代詞(人稱代詞常用賓格),還可接介詞短語、副詞和動詞不定式,此時相當於but,但不定式常不帶to。except for“除了,只有”,意思和except一樣,主要指說明基本情況後,而在細節上加以修正,後面常接名詞性短語。except that“除了,只是”,意思和except、except for一樣。但在用法上,主要指其後常接名詞性從句,也可接when、where等詞引導的其它從句。but所含“除……外”的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞(主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問代詞)之後。besides表示“除……外還有”,所排除的事物常包括在所述範圍之內。另外,besides可用作副詞,相當於also,有“而且,加之,何況”之意。beside也是介詞,表示“在附近”,只不過形似besides,容易相互混淆。【對比】如果在區別前後有同類的詞語時,就用except,否則就用except for。e.g.This book has no blunder except a few mistakes.This book is interesting except for a few mistakes.(前面無同類詞語)Every one of us, except him, went to see the exhibition.5. in the tree, on the tree in the tree ,指動物或人等外來的東西在樹上, on the tree ,指果實或葉子等樹本身長出來的東西6. on the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上, on one’s way to .....by the way 指順便問一句in this way 用這樣的方法 , in that way , in other way, in these ways7. by bus, on the bus by bus 是一般說法, 固定搭配, on the bus 特指乘某一輛車8. across, through, over和past“通過, 經過”across從表面經過, 如,road, bridge, river through從內部空間經過, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gatepast , 從旁邊經過.through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over. 如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時一隻老鼠跑過路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達了那裡)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過一個大門來到另一個公園)8. on, above, over, “ 在…上”, up,A. on指在某物表面上,有接觸點 a book on the table B. over指在某物垂直上方,無接觸點,也可指覆蓋在某物上, 與under相對under 表示在…下方 I put the money under the bed. 我把錢放在床底下a cloth over the table , a fan over the table C. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方是斜上方反義詞為 below ,He lives above me 他住我家樓上(不一定就是頭上一間)The temperature today is above zero.今天氣溫零度以上.D. up表示在往上的方向 反義詞 down look up to the sky 抬頭看天空about與on的用法區別:都可以表示“有關…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關…(專題/課程)”。如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作一個美國曆史的報告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談論著即將來到的野外旅遊)on 表示兩事物表面接觸 Put away the books on the desk. 把桌上的書收好over除了要接觸,還有覆蓋的含義,over表示正上方There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋9. for , since,A. since僅說明什麼時候開始,, 後常跟一個具體的過去的時間.B. for 表示某動作或情況持續多久, 後常跟一段時間。 He has studied the piano for 5 years.. They have lived here since 1978.since與for表示時間的用法區別:“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現在”,“for +(一段時間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用於完成時態;如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經工作了30多年)10. after, behind, “在…之後”A. after 主要用於表示時間B. behind主要用於表示位置11. in, after “……以後”A. “in +段時間”表示將來的一段時間以後, 用在將來時態中., 常回答how soon的提問.B. “after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以後, 相當於 一段時間+ laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later..in , after , later in + 一段時間 . 常用 一般將來時。 after + 一段時間 . 常用一般過去時。 after + 點時間 . 用各種時態。 一段時間 + later 過去時12. 放在地點之前的介詞:at, in, onA. at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁邊”B. in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…範圍之內”。C. on 表示毗鄰,接壤D. to 表示在……範圍外,不強調是否接壤⑵ after與in表示時間的用法區別:“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之後”常用於一般時態;“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之後”,常用於將來時態。如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他說他六點鐘之後會來這兒)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個月以後從英國回來)13. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具,A. by 以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式.B. with 表示用 …工具,C. in 表示用…方式,用…語言(語調、顏色)等D. on 表示通過媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TV by、in與with表示方式的用法區別:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執行者;in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的)14.as與like的區別:兩個詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業、職務、作用等事實,而like譯為“像……一樣”,表示外表,不是事實。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和你講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親) / Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像一位父親一樣和你講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)15. at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區別:at the end of…既可以表示時間也可以表示地點,譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過去時連用;by the end of…只能表示時間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用於過去完成時; in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終於、最後”,通常用於過去時;to the end譯為“到…的終點為止”,前面往往有表示運動或連續性的動詞。如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學期期末我們已經學習了第三冊16個單元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭你能找到一幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上週末他們動身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應該把工作幹到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見一家郵電局)16.for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區別:for a moment“一會兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續性動詞連用;for the moment“暫時、目前”,常用於現在時;in a moment“一會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用於將來時;at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用於現在進行時。如:Please wait for a moment.(請稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時就維持現狀吧!) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我過會兒回來)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)17. but的問題:用介詞but引出另一個動詞時,要注意:如果前面有do,後面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,後面的動詞要加to。如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什麼也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰鬥)18. in front of 與in the front of:in front of“在…的前面”, 與in the front of“在…的前部”。如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著一個大講臺) [12] except與besides的區別:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”則表示包含,即“不僅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(Tom沒有去故宮)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了漢語之外,他還學其他許多功課)19.till , until , to 的用法。 till / until 與延續動詞連用,用於肯定句,與短暫 動詞連用用在否定句( 在句首、強調句 不用till ).內容來自網絡,如有侵權請告知刪除


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