Learn all about this colourful country!
了解这个多姿多彩的国家
Sunglasses and sun cream at the ready, gang! It's time to learn all about this cool Caribbean country in our Cuba facts!
太阳镜和防晒霜准备好了，伙计们！是时候在我们的古巴了解这个酷酷的加勒比国家了！
Cuba is an island nation with miles of beautiful beaches.
古巴是一个拥有数英里美丽海滩的岛国。
Cuba facts
OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Cuba
FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Socialist republic
CAPITAL: Havana
POPULATION: 11,382,820
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE: Spanish
MONEY: Peso
AREA: 110,860 square kilometres.
官方名称：古巴；共和国政府形式：社会主义共和国；首都：哈瓦那；人口：11382820；官方语言：西班牙语；货币：比索；面积：110860平方公里
Cuba: geography and landscape
古巴：地理与景观
Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean Sea. Cuba and its neighbours form the Greater Antilles, a chain of islands created millions of years ago when two of the Earth's tectonic plates collided.
古巴是加勒比海最大的岛屿。古巴及其邻国形成了大安的列斯群岛，这是数百万年前地球两个板块碰撞形成的一系列岛屿。
This Caribbean country is a long and narrow island. It stretches 1,200km from east to west, but it's only 100km wide in most places. High mountains and rolling hills cover about one third of Cuba, and the other two thirds of the island are lowland plains used mainly for farming.
这个加勒比国家是一个狭长的岛屿。它从东向西绵延1200公里，但大部分地方只有100公里宽，高山和起伏的丘陵覆盖了古巴的三分之一，另外三分之二的岛屿是低地平原，主要用于农业。
Traditional agriculture methods have been practiced in Cuba's Viñales Valley for several centuries.
传统的农业方法在古巴的维尼亚莱斯山谷已经实行了几个世纪。
Cuba's incredible nature
古巴令人难以置信的自然
Cuba has many different habitats, from mountain forests to jungles and grasslands. There are even small deserts, too! These different ecosystems are home to unique plants and animals, some of which aren't found anywhere else on Earth.
古巴有许多不同的栖息地，从山林到丛林和草原。甚至还有小沙漠！这些不同的生态系统是独特的动植物的家园，其中一些在地球上其他任何地方都找不到。
Many interesting creatures live in Cuba's thick forests. Most famous is the bee hummingbird, the smallest bird in the world. Adult bee hummingbirds grow to only five centimetres long!
许多有趣的生物生活在古巴茂密的森林里。最著名的是蜂鸟，世界上最小的鸟。成年蜂鸟只长到5厘米长！
The world's smallest frog lives in Cuba, too – the Mount Iberia frog, with a body only one centimetre long. How's that for teeny-tiny?!
世界上最小的青蛙也生活在古巴——伊比利亚山青蛙，身体只有一厘米长。那对小宝贝来说怎么样？！
History of Cuba
古巴历史
Cuba's original inhabitants were the Ciboney and Guanahatabey people. About a thousand years ago, the Taino people from Venezuela took over the island. In 1511, forces from Spain defeated the Taino and claimed the island as a Spanish territory.
古巴最初的居民是锡伯尼人和瓜纳哈比人。大约一千年前，来自委内瑞拉的泰诺人占领了这个岛。1511年，来自西班牙的军队打败了泰诺人，并声称该岛是西班牙领土。
The Spanish forced many of the Taino people into slave labour. Most died from overwork and from diseases brought by the Europeans. Hundreds of thousands of African slaves were then brought to Cuba, mainly to plant and harvest sugarcane.
西班牙人强迫许多台诺人做奴隶。大多数人死于过度劳累和欧洲人带来的疾病。几十万非洲奴隶被带到古巴，主要是种植和收获甘蔗.
American forces helped drive the Spanish out of Cuba in 1898, and by 1902, Cuba had won independence. However, the United States had a strong influence over the island until 1959, when the communist revolutionaries took control, led by Fidel Castro.
1898年，美国军队帮助古巴人将西班牙人驱逐出古巴，到1902年，古巴获得独立。然而，直到1959年以菲德尔·卡斯特罗为首的共产主义革命者控制了该岛，美国才对该岛产生了强大的影响.
The city of Matanzas has been home to many scholars and artists.
马坦萨斯市是许多学者和艺术家的故乡
Cuban government and economy
古巴政府与经济
Cuba is a socialist state run by the Cuban Communist Party. Cubans vote for their leaders, but the communist party is the only legal party.
古巴是古巴共产党领导的社会主义国家。古巴人为领导人投票，但共产党是唯一合法的政党。
Fidel Castro was president, prime minister and commander of the armed forces until February 2008, when his brother, Raúl Castro, took over. In 2018, a new leader took over, Miguel Díaz-Canel.
菲德尔·卡斯特罗担任总统、总理和武装部队指挥官，直到2008年2月，他的兄弟劳尔·卡斯特罗接任。2018年，新领导人米格尔·迪亚斯·卡内尔接任。
The United States had been hostile toward Cuba since the communists took power in 1959.
But since Fidel Castro stepped down, the United States and Cuba have built a stronger relationship. In 2015 the United States reopened its embassy in Cuba – where American diplomats live to work with the Cuban government. Soon after, Cuba did the same in the United States.
自1959年共产党掌权以来，美国一直对古巴怀有敌意。
但自从菲德尔·卡斯特罗下台后，美国和古巴建立了更牢固的关系。2015年，美国重新开放了驻古巴大使馆，美国外交官在那里与古巴政府合作。不久之后，古巴在美国也采取了同样的做法.
Cuban people and culture
古巴人民与文化
The mixture of native, African and European influences in Cuba gives this island a lively culture that is known worldwide!
古巴本土、非洲和欧洲的影响混合在一起，给这个岛带来了一种举世闻名的生动文化！
Cuba's history is reflected in its food, language, art, and, most of all, its music. All year round, it seems as if bands are everywhere in Havana. The main musical form is called son, which combines lively rhythms with classical guitar.
古巴的历史反映在它的食物、语言、艺术，最重要的是它的音乐上。一年四季，哈瓦那似乎到处都是乐队。主要的音乐形式是"儿子"，它结合了活泼的节奏和古典吉他。
Unlike most countries in Latin America, Cuba's favorite sport is not football – it's actually baseball! Baseball came to Cuba from the United States in the 1860s. Many international baseball stars have come from Cuba, and the Cuban national team is one of the best in the world.
与拉丁美洲的大多数国家不同，古巴最喜欢的运动不是足球，而是棒球！棒球在19世纪60年代从美国来到古巴，许多国际棒球明星都来自古巴，古巴国家队是世界上最好的球队之一。
