英語知識點
【知識點】
冠狀病毒（coronavirus）是一類主要引起呼吸道、腸道疾病（respiratory and intestinal diseases）的病原體。這類病毒顆粒的表面有許多規則排列的突起（a fringe of bulbous surface projections ），整個病毒顆粒就像一頂帝王的皇冠（royal crown），因此得名“冠狀病毒”。冠狀病毒除人類以外，還可感染豬、牛、貓、犬、貂、駱駝、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺蝟等多種哺乳動物以及多種鳥類（mammals and birds）。
【關於新型冠狀病毒】
2019-nCoV, as it's been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.
這種新型冠狀病毒（2019-nCoV）此前未在人類身上發現過。
Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.
冠狀病毒是一個龐大的病毒家族，目前已知會感染人類的有六種（新發現的這種是第七種）。
【相關詞彙】
新型冠狀病毒 novel coronavirus/new strain of coronavirus
呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases
禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus
密切接觸者 close contacts
潛伏期 incubation period
疑似病例 suspected case
確診病例 confirmed case
得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia
接受醫學觀察 under medical observation
流行病學調查 epidemiological investigation
病毒爆發 virus outbreak
遏制疫情爆發 contain the outbreak
嚴格隔離政策 strict isolation policy
攜帶病毒 carrying the virus
超級傳染源 superspreader
醫療費用報銷 reimbursement for medical expenses
中國大部分地區口罩供應緊張 tight supplies in large areas of China
人傳人 human-to-human transmission
醫務人員感染 infection of medical worker
【相關報道】
Scientists believe an animal source is "the most likely primary source" but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.
科學家認為動物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不過，也有一些人傳人的病例。
Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms,
fever, cough,shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.
感染症狀包括：呼吸道症狀，發燒，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困難等。
【閱讀理解】
A new Chinese coronavirus,a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 70,000 people since the outbreak(爆發) began in Wuhan,China,in December.Scientist Leo Poon,who first decoded the virus,thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.
"What we know is it causes pneumonia(肺炎) and then doesn't respond to antibiotic(抗生素) treatment,which is not surprising,but then in terms of mortality(死亡率),SARS kills 10% of the individuals,"Poon,a virologist(病毒學家) at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong,said.
The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it,including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.
Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.
What is a coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.In rare cases,they are what scientists call zoonotic[ˌzəʊəˈnəʊtɪk](人畜共患病),meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Coronavirus symptoms（症狀）
The viruses can make people sick,usually with a mild(輕度)to moderate(中度)upper respiratory tract illness(上呼吸道疾病),similar to a common cold.Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose,cough,sore throat,possibly a headache and maybe a fever,which can last for a couple of days.
For those with a weakened immune system,the elderly and the very young,there's a chance the virus could cause a lower,and much more serious,respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs](支氣管炎).
There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(中東呼吸綜合徵),also known as the MERS virus,was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems,but those symptoms are much more severe.Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died,according to the CDC,
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵),also known as SARS,is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms.First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China,according to the WHO,it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [ˌdaɪəˈriə](腹瀉),fatigue(疲勞),shortness of breath, respiratory distress(呼吸窘迫)and kidney failure(腎衰).Depending on the patient's age,the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases,with older people being the most vulnerable.
How it spreads
Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels,according to the WHO.With SARS,scientists suspected civet cats(狸貓) were to blame.
When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses,often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n](分泌物).
Depending on how virulent [ˈvɪrələnt] (有毒的) the virus is,a cough,sneeze or handshake could cause exposure.The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth,nose or eyes.Caregivers(護理人員) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste,according to the CDC.
文章翻譯
一種新的中國冠狀病毒，是SARS病毒的一個堂兄弟，自去年12月在中國武漢爆發以來，已經感染了7萬多人。科學家LeoPoon首先破譯了這種病毒，他認為它很可能是從動物身上開始傳播到人類身上的。香港大學醫學院公共衛生學院的病毒學專家Poon說：“我們知道這會導致肺炎（PoT），然後對抗生素治療無效，這並不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS殺死了10%的個體。” 世界衛生組織向各國提供瞭如何做好準備的指導，包括如何監測病人和如何治療病人。
關於冠狀病毒你應該知道七件事。
什麼是冠狀病毒
冠狀病毒是一大類常見於動物的病毒。據美國疾病控制和預防中心稱，在極少數情況下，它們是科學家所稱的人畜共患疾病，也就是說它們可以從動物傳染給人類。
冠狀病毒症狀
這種病毒能使人生病，通常是輕微（或中度）上呼吸道疾病，類似於普通感冒。冠狀病毒的症狀包括流鼻涕、咳嗽、喉嚨痛，可能是頭痛，也可能是發燒，持續幾天。對於那些免疫系統弱的人，老年人和非常年輕的人來說，病毒有可能引起一種較低、更嚴重的呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支氣管炎。
有一些人類冠狀病毒已知是致命的。
中東呼吸綜合徵（Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，簡稱MERS病毒）於2012年在中東首次報道，也會引起呼吸系統問題，但這些症狀要嚴重得多。疾控中心稱，每10名感染MERS的患者中就有3至4人死亡。
嚴重急性呼吸綜合徵（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，簡稱SARS）是另一種能引起更嚴重症狀的冠狀病毒。據世衛組織稱，首次發現於中國南方的廣東省，它會引起呼吸系統問題，但也會引起腹瀉、疲勞、呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫和腎衰竭。根據病人的年齡，SARS的死亡率在0-50%之間，其中老年人最易感染。
如何傳播
病毒可以從人類與動物的接觸中傳播。據世界衛生組織稱，科學家認為，MERS是從駱駝開始的。對於非典，科學家們懷疑是麝香貓引起的。當涉及到人與人之間的病毒傳播時，通常發生在有人接觸到受感染者的分泌物時。
根據病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打噴嚏或握手都可能導致暴露。這種病毒也可以通過觸摸被感染者觸摸過的東西，然後觸摸你的嘴、鼻子或眼睛來傳播。根據疾病預防控制中心（CDC）的說法，醫務人員有時可以通過處理病人的廢物來暴露自己。
以上數據來源於人民日報、丁香醫生2月21日疫情統計數據
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關鍵字: but symptoms coronavirus
