【GRE阅读解析】Passage 48【季节性繁殖的虾】短文详细解析


When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns. Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally? The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents. The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algae raining down from surface waters.

So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or among vent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with not seasonal algae blooms.

Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?

A. It casts doubt on the accuracy of earlier observations of seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

B. It undermines the explanation proposed for seasonal breeding among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

C. It suggests that alternative theories are needed to explain seasonal breeding among shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

D. It describes the survival benefits to shrimp of mating in parts of the ocean where algae blooms rain down abundantly.

E. It supports the explanation proffered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.


答案:E

解析见下。

When studying shrimp feeding from hydro-thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean, biologists were surprised that the shrimps’ reproductive cycles followed seasonal patterns.

第1句:当生物学家研究从海洋底部的水热通风口觅食的虾时,他们惊讶地发现,虾的生殖周期遵循季节模式。

这些虾觅食的地方是海洋的底部的“水热通风口”,顾名思义,那地方肯定温度比较高。

虾的生殖周期遵循季节模式——这些虾不是全年繁殖的,而是在固定的季节繁殖。也就是,什么时候繁殖,是有规律的。

这种繁殖的规律性让生物学家们惊讶。他们为什么惊讶呢?

Far beyond the reach of sunlight, and with food abundant around the vents all year round, why should such animals reproduce seasonally?

第2句:远远超出阳光照射的范围,并且全年通风口周围有充足的食物,为什么这些动物会季节性繁殖?

惊讶的原因在此。虾子们觅食的地方在海底,是暗不见天日的,这就叫“远远超出阳光照射的范围”——阳光照不到。也就是,虾子们不可能通过阳光的变化感受到季节的变化。

并且,全年通风口周围有充足的食物——也就意味着虾子们可以一直生活在这里,不用迁徙;还意味着食物全年都充足,不需要担心繁殖的时候没足够的吃的。

那么,虾子们一辈子都可以生活在这里不挪窝,食物全年都充足,这里一片黑暗,照不到阳光,不能通过阳光感受到四季的变化,那么,什么时候繁殖有什么关系啊?全年都可以繁殖啊?为什么这些虾子却只在特定的季节繁殖呢?

The answer might involve their offspring, which in their larval form drift in the currents to colonize new vents.

第3句:答案可能涉及他们的后代,这些后代以其幼虫形式在水流中漂移,以殖民新的通风口。

原因可能在于,要顾及它们繁殖出来的后代。

他们的后代一开始不是以虾子的形式、而是以一种幼虫的形式存在,并且会在水流(洋流)中漂流,被水流带到新的通风口去,才能建立新的生活点。

The larvae must feed during their trip, and their springtime release coincides with a peak in algaeraining down from surface waters.

第4句:幼虫必须在旅途中进食,并且它们的春季释放(指幼虫在春季被繁殖出来)与从表层水下降的藻类高峰相吻合。

幼虫要吃东西。吃什么呢?根据这句话的后半部分,幼虫要以藻类为食。藻类从哪里来?从海洋表层水中降落下来。

那么,什么时候最适合繁殖幼虫呢?当然是藻类最多的时候啦。

藻类最多的时候是春季,所以虾子们在春季繁殖出幼虫。

听起来很有道理。

So far, researchers have found no evidence of seasonal breeding among vent-dwelling species that provide their offspring with yolk to sustain them or among vent-dwelling species found in areas of the ocean with no seasonal algae blooms.

第5句:到目前为止,研究人员没有发现任何为它们的后代提供卵黄来维持它们的通风口栖息物种,或者在没有季节性藻类爆发的海洋区域中发现的通风口栖息物种的季节性繁殖的证据。

除了上文说的这种虾子(特征:春季繁殖;幼虫要吃藻类;藻类高峰在春季),文章还研究了别的两类虾子。

第一类:为它们的后代提供卵黄的虾子。也就是,这类虾子的幼虫不需要吃藻类,而是吃爹妈提供的卵黄。那么,根据文章里的理论,我们可以推理出:这类虾子的繁殖不需要按照季节来,而是全年都可以繁殖,反正什么时候繁殖,幼虫吃的都是虾子准备的卵黄,不靠外界的藻类——果然,研究人员观察到的现象和推测相符,这些虾子不是季节性繁殖的。

第二类:生活的那片海洋没有季节性的藻类爆发的虾子。也就是,这的虾子生活的地方的藻类的含量基本是稳定不变的,不会在某个季节突然暴增。根据文章里的理论,我们可以推理出:这类虾子的繁殖不需要按照季节来,而是全年都可以繁殖,反正什么时候繁殖,幼虫能吃到的藻类的量都一样——果然,研究人员观察到的现象也和推测相符,这些虾子也不是季节性繁殖的。

Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence?

以下哪项最能描述高亮句子的功能?

高亮句说明什么?说明文章里的理论还挺靠谱的。

所以,选E。

E. It supports the explanation offered for the seasonal breeding observed among some shrimp species living near hydro-thermal vents.

E.它支持对居住在水热通风口附近的一些虾类品种所观察到的季节性育种所提供的解释。


错误选项解析略,需要请留言。


【GRE阅读解析】Passage 48【季节性繁殖的虾】短文详细解析


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