鈞窯。是宋瓷五大名窯之一。均窯有唐均，宋均，金均，元均，明均之分。鈞瓷與其他瓷器一樣，由陶器演變而來，是對陶器的繼承和延續。根據考古發現和對現存古鈞瓷的研究，古代鈞瓷的器型大體可以分為兩類:一類為日用生活器皿類器型，另一類為陳設類器型。有的專家認為，以碗、盤、碟、爐、鼎等民間日常用器為主的俗稱民鈞。與此對應的，是以花盆、洗、尊、瓶等為主的造型，俗稱官鈞。官鈞瓷器，造型大雅，窯變美妙，被認為鈞瓷中的珍品。流傳於世的官鈞瓷器十分稀少，主要收藏在北京故宮博物院、臺北故宮博物院、美國弗利爾美術館、哈佛大學賽克勒美術館等處。世界範圍內公私收藏的官鈞瓷器僅有百餘件，彌足珍貴
藏品介紹
中文名稱：均窯雙耳瓶
英文名稱：Evenly kiln binaural bottle
類別：瓷器
規格：高28.5CM，瓶口直徑6CM
數量：一 對
品相：美品
鈞窯是我國宋代五大名窯之一，它不僅造型端莊沉穩，而且釉色古樸凝重，變幻莫測，尤以玫瑰紫、海棠紅、火焰青、雞血紅、鸚哥綠等多種窯變釉為其他窯口所不及。鈞釉有高溫一次燒成，也有二次燒成，第一次素燒，出窯後施釉彩，二次再燒。鈞瓷的釉色為一絕，千變萬化，紅、藍、青、白、紫交相融匯，燦若雲霞，這是因為在燒製過程中，配料摻入銅的氧化物造成的藝術效果，此為中國製瓷上的一大發明，稱為“窯變”。
這一對均窯雙耳雙耳瓶開片自然，無外卷，崩裂脫落現象屬於長時間的陰乾現象，只有時間才能有這樣的開片，是真品無疑，一對均窯瓶，一見窯變在瓶口，瓶頸，可以說是鴻運當頭，一件窯變在腹部，表示吉祥如意，鴻運纏身。
禹州的鈞瓷，被稱為“國寶”、“瑰寶”。鈞窯是我國宋代的五大名窯之一，它的主要貢獻在於燒製成豔麗絕倫的紅釉鈞瓷，從而開創了銅紅釉之先河，改變了以前中國高溫顏色釉只有黑釉和青釉的局面，開拓了新的藝術境界，鈞瓷是因宋徽宗時期曾在近禹州市內古鈞臺附近設置官窯專門燒製御用瓷而得名。
上圖可以看見明顯的窯變，鈞瓷的藝術魅力主要表現在單純簡潔中給人以美感，這個單純簡潔是表現在造型與釉色上追求與自然一樣的形態和釉色。胎、釉、形相輔相成，形成自己獨特的風格，在追求藝術神韻的同時，注重實用功能，古樸典雅，端莊自然，沒有絲毫造作之感。
均窯創燒於唐代，以光怪離奇、色彩斑斕的花釉彩斑瓷器聞名於世，別稱為“唐均”。北宋中晚期，均窯以氧化銅為著色劑，在還原氣氛下燒成了銅紅釉，這種窯內的釉色變化稱為“窯變。它不是人工塗染，而是通過窯變自然形成，其色彩有海棠紅、玫瑰紫等。更為奇異的是經過窯變，形成了各種自然、神妙的圖畫。其線條明快，極富流動感，有的宛如雲霧高山，有的極似峽谷飛瀑、翠竹生煙。
人用“夕陽紫翠忽成嵐”的詩句來讚譽其色澤的豐富多彩。均窯瓷器銅紅釉的成功燒製，在宋代青瓷獨佔瓷壇的時候，以其匠心獨具、豔麗多彩的窯變釉的產生，極大地豐富了陶瓷裝飾內容，改變了我國陶瓷生產中只有高溫青釉和黑、白釉的單色釉格調，在中國陶瓷的發展史上具有極為重要的意義。
釉中含銅，所以在高溫下呈現出紅色。鈞窯瓷器的顏色並不是入窯前就已經確定的，而是經過高溫後金屬離子所呈現的，所以又有“入窯一色出窯萬彩”之說，其成品色主要為玫瑰紫、海棠紅、茄色紫、梅子青、深紫、米色、天藍、胭脂紅、硃砂紅、蔥翠青，以及窯變的各種顏色，各色錯綜相間，絢爛多彩，氣韻非凡。相傳以胭脂紅為最美，釉中有免絲紋與蟹爪紋，華麗而雅緻，均瓷釉的調配技法相當獨特，而且鈞瓷的瓷釉較厚，厚處有7-8毫米，出窯後由於灼燒和乾燥使開片與非開片之間的釉形成與眾不同的花紋，早期釉上有顯著的牛毛紋，盛期則多為離合狀態的條紋和粗如滴露的淚痕，以及蟠曲蜿蜒的蚯蚓走泥紋，這也是均瓷的重要特徵之一。
鈞瓷的藝術特色
郟縣黃道窯，除了燒製白釉、黃釉、黑釉瓷外，從唐代起，還利用不同金屬氧化物的釉料，成功地掌握了兩色釉技術，產品有黑釉藍斑器，或在白釉上施青藍斑彩，形成了此窯產品的獨特風格。特別從晚唐開始，魯山段店窯，郟縣黃道窯，內鄉大窯店窯和禹州趙家門窯，出現的“雨絲狀”的窯變斑彩更為宋鈞窯變工藝開創了先河，故有人稱這種窯變斑為“唐鈞”。鈞瓷數百年之盛燒不衰，有其獨特的工藝特徵和風格，鈞瓷的窯變藝術更技高一籌，有著極高聲譽。鈞瓷銅紅釉的燒製成功，是我國古代勞動人民的偉大創造，在我國陶瓷工藝美術發展史上譜寫了光輝的篇章。
收藏均窯瓷器樂趣無窮，因為沒有一見均窯的窯變是一模一樣的，也就是說每件都是孤品，這在五大名窯中是其它窯口所不具備的，其收藏價值極大， 可以說是一對寶瓶，待有緣人藏之。
英文翻譯：The pa per. It is one of the five famous kilns of song dynasty porcelain. Jun kiln has tang jun, song jun, jin jun, yuan jun, Ming jun. Jun porcelain, like other porcelains, evolved from pottery and was an inheritance and continuation of pottery. According to the archaeological findings and the existing study of ancient jun porcelain, the ancient jun porcelain types can be generally divided into two categories: one is the type of household utensils, the other is the type of display. Some experts think, to the bowl, plate, plate, stove, tripod and other folk daily with the commonly known as people jun. Corresponding to this, is the flowerpot, wash, zun, bottle and so on the main shape, commonly known as the official jun. Guan jun porcelain, great shape, wonderful kiln, is regarded as the treasure of jun porcelain. There are very few official and jun porcelain in the world, which are mainly collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing, the national Palace Museum in Taipei, the fleur art museum in the United States, and the sackler art museum in Harvard University. There are only more than 100 pieces of official and jun porcelain collected in public and private collections worldwide
The collection is introduced
Chinese name: all kiln double ear bottle
English name: Evenly up binaural bottle
Category: porcelain
Specification: 28.5cm in height, 6CM in diameter
Quantity: one pair
Phase: beauty
Jun kiln is one of the five famous kilns in song dynasty in China. It is not only dignified and calm in shape, but also the glaze color is simple and dignified, unpredictable, especially with rose purple, haitang red, flame green, blood red, parauge green and so on. Jun glaze has high temperature once fired, there are also two fired, the first element fired, out of the kiln glaze color, the second burning. Jun porcelain's glaze color is a unique, ever-changing one, red, blue, blue, white and purple blend, rosy clouds, this is because in the firing process, the ingredients mixed with copper oxide caused by the artistic effect, this is a major invention on Chinese porcelain, known as "kiln change".
This pair of ears are kiln double ears open piece of nature, not revolute, split off phenomenon belong to dry in the shade for a long time, only time will have such a piece, are genuine, no doubt, a pair of bottle are kiln, a variable in the bottle, the bottleneck, can be said to be the luck, a variable in the abdomen, luck and fortune. Good said
Jun porcelain of yuzhou is called "national treasure" and "treasure". Pa is one of the five ancient jun of song dynasty in China, and its main contribution is calcined into gorgeous ring of red glaze jun porcelain, thus created a precedent of copper red glaze, changed the former high temperature color glaze China only black glaze and blue glaze, opens up a new artistic realm, jun porcelain for bei song period had official kilns in near yuzhou city GuJun stations set up special fire named royal porcelain.
As can be seen from the above picture, the artistic charm of jun porcelain is mainly expressed in its simplicity, which gives people a sense of beauty. This simplicity is manifested in the pursuit of the same shape and glaze color as nature in its modeling and glaze color. Foetus, glaze, form complement each other, form their own unique style, in the pursuit of artistic verve at the same time, pay attention to practical functions, simple and elegant, dignified natural, without the slightest sense of artificial.
Jun kiln chuangzhao in the tang dynasty, the light strange strange, colorful flower glaze color spot porcelain known in the world, not called "tang". In the middle and late period of the northern song dynasty, copper oxide was used as the coloring agent to make copper red glaze in jun kiln. It is not artificially painted, but through the natural formation of kiln, its color has begonia red, rose purple and so on. What is more strange is that after the kiln change, formed a variety of natural, wonderful pictures. Its line is bright, extremely rich flow feeling, some be like cloud and mist high mountain, some be like canyon extremely to fly waterfall, green bamboo gives off smoke.
People with "the setting sun purple suddenly into the haze" to praise the rich and colorful. The success of the copper red glaze firing kiln porcelain, porcelain altar monopoly in the song dynasty celadon, with its unique and colorful variable glaze, greatly enriched the content ceramic decoration, changed the high temperature of ceramic production in China, only blue glaze and black and white glaze glaze style, in the history of Chinese ceramics has very important significance.
The glaze contains copper, so it appears red at high temperatures. The color of porcelain masterpieces and not into the kiln is established before, but after high temperature of metal ions, so there is "in color than the color from the kiln kiln", said the main product color as rose violet, Chinese flowering crabapple red, tomato color purple, plum green, deep purple, cream-colored, sky blue, carmine, cinnabar red, green, blue, and the variable of all sorts of color, colorful and intricate, colorful, artistically. Legend to carmine is best, in the glaze from silking and crab claw pattern, gorgeous and elegant, all porcelain glaze mixing technique is quite unique, and the jun porcelain glaze thick, had 7 to 8 mm thick, because after the kiln burning and drying of glaze the opens the piece with the open form different decorative pattern, with significant early glaze, of ox hair grain stage for stripe and coarse on-off state, such as more tears did, and PanQu winding earthworm clay grain, which is one of the most important features in porcelain.
The artistic characteristics of jun porcelain
In addition to firing white glaze, yellow glaze and black glaze porcelain, jiaxian zodiacal kiln successfully mastered the technology of two colors of glaze by using glaze materials of different metal oxides since the tang dynasty. Especially from the late tang dynasty, lu shan section shop kiln, huangdao kiln county, inner township kiln shop kiln and yuzhou zhaojiamen kiln, the appearance of "rain silk" kiln spot color more song jun kiln change technology created the first river, it is said that this kind of kiln spot for "tang jun". Jun porcelain has been flourishing and firing for hundreds of years, and has its unique technological characteristics and style. The successful firing of jun porcelain copper red glaze is a great creation of the ancient Chinese laboring people, which has written a brilliant chapter in the development history of China's ceramic arts and crafts.
Collecting jun kiln porcelain is fun, because there is no one to see the kiln is exactly the same, that is to say, every piece is a unique product, which in the five famous kilns is not the other kiln mouth, its collection value is great, can be said to be a pair of Aquarius, to be the fate of people to hide.
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