What does China, India, and Russia have in common?
中國、印度和俄羅斯有什麼共同點?
Quora評論翻譯：
來源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/46210.html 譯者：Jessica.Wu
Shrikant Umarye, General Manager
all three are difficult and unpredictable actors in the international system.
這三個國家在國際體系中都是難以捉摸的角色。
The first two are rising great powers that have enormous economic and even military potential. Russia, however, is more a reviving great power. As the principal successor state to the defunct Soviet Union (and in reality, the core of the long-standing Russian empire), Russia went through a decade of acute disarray in the 1990s. It has recovered somewhat during this decade, however, and although Moscow is unlikely to regain the superpower status that it claimed during the cold war, it is again a significant factor in both Europe and Central Asia.
前兩個是崛起中的大國，它們擁有巨大的經濟和軍事潛力。然而，俄羅斯更像是一個正在復甦的大國。作為已不復存在的蘇聯的後繼者(實際上，也是長期存在的俄羅斯帝國的核心)，俄羅斯在上世紀90年代經歷了十年的嚴重混亂。然而，在這十年中，俄羅斯已經有所恢復，儘管莫斯科不太可能恢復冷戰期間的超級大國地位，但它仍是歐洲和中亞地區的一個重要角色。
China maintain an extensive—and growing—economic relationship, but tensions are rising over an assortment of China maintain an extensive—and growing—economic relationship, but tensions are rising over an assortment of issues.china has big plans to be a superpower through unequal economic agreement with weak nation/countries -shri lanka, burma, pakistan and malayshia are real examples of expansionistic ambitions.gulping of tibet, hongkong, and wish to gulp democratic taiwan is a past and recent example .the belt and road iniatiative bulked by india is another of its example.it has spread its influence in oil rich countries in africa through various agreements.
中國保持著廣泛和不斷髮展的經濟關係，但緊張局勢因這種經濟關係而加劇。中國有通過與弱國的不平等經濟協議成為超級大國的宏偉計劃，這些弱國包括斯里蘭卡、緬甸、巴基斯坦和馬來西亞，這就是擴張野心的真實例子。中國通過各種協議在非洲的石油富國中傳播影響力。
India have improved noticeably since the end of the cold war. .Throughout America’s struggle with the Soviet Union, India ostensibly maintained a nonaligned stance but rather consistently tilted toward the USSR. China is a crucial economic and diplomatic partner of the United States in many respects, and it is a country with important vested interests in the current international system. It has helped create the Shanghai Coopera-tion Organization, a strong security partnership linking China to Russia and various Central Asian countries. The SCO has not only conducted joint military exercises, it has also openly advocated trying to exclude the influence of ‘‘outside powers’’ (i.e., the United States) from Central Asia.
自冷戰結束以來，印度取得了顯著的進步。在美國與蘇聯的鬥爭中，印度表面上保持不結盟的立場，但卻始終傾向於蘇聯。中國在許多方面都是美國重要的經濟和外交夥伴，是當今國際體系中具有重要既得利益的國家。它幫助建立了上海合作組織，鞏固中國、俄羅斯和中亞各國的安全合作關係。上海合作組織不僅舉行了聯合軍事演習，而且還公開主張排除“外部勢力”（比如美國）對中亞的影響。
China’s emergence as the second-largest holder of U.S.treasury debt ($518 billion in 2007)—and probably the largest holder within the next three or four years—is a very significant development.
中國是美國國債的第二大持有國(2007年為5180億美元)，也可能是未來三四年內最大的持有國，這是一個非常重大的發展。
With over a billion citizens and an annual economic output well over $1 trillion, India should provide constraints on Chinese strategic designs in the coming decades.
印度有10億多人口，年經濟產出超過1萬億美元，未來幾十年，印度應該對中國的戰略規劃進行遏制。
Moscow’s grow-ing flirtation with Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, an obnoxious nemesis of the United States, is also creating gratuitous tensions. Moscow’s joint air and naval exercises with Venezuelan military forces in September 2008 especially did not improve relations with America.
莫斯科與委內瑞拉總統烏戈·查韋斯的曖昧關係日益升溫，委瑞瑞拉是美國厭煩的對手，這也造成了和美國的緊張關係。2008年9月，莫斯科與委內瑞拉軍隊的聯合海空演習惡化了與美國的關係。
russia is both economically and militarily superior than it was a decade ago, and Moscow has begun to push back. For example, it has emphasized that Washington’s attempt to gain NATO membership for Ukraine and Georgia crosses a bright red line and will not be toleratedoverall all three are nuclear super powers and rising great powers on global scene, each one has its influence areas.
俄羅斯在經濟和軍事上都比十年前優越，莫斯科已經開始反擊。例如，它強調，華盛頓試圖為烏克蘭和格魯吉亞爭取北約成員國資格的舉動越過了條明顯的紅線，莫斯科將不會容忍。
china has an imposing influence in iran and north korea
russia has it in venezuala,syria, cuba.
india is after its own strategic defence and economic interests.
中國對伊朗和朝鮮有著強大的影響力
俄羅斯在委內瑞拉、敘利亞和古巴有強大的影響力。
印度追求的是自己的戰略防禦和經濟利益。
Gaurav Sharma, BSc, MA political science University of Delhi, Indira Gandhi National Open University
This was my answer to another almost similar question- what will happen if india, China and Russia come together?
RIC (Russia, India, China) forum is already present and its meeting happens regularly. As all the 3 countries are very big, powerful and self sufficient, hence they agree very little on most of the issues. They are also present in bigger and more integerated BRICS but here too, there is a tussle between two giants India and China.
Currently there is a great game going on between China and India on many fronts , like building dominance in their regions and in Africa continent.
Russia is abundant of natural gas and oil but short of money While India and China are hungry for resources and have lot of money in their pocket to buy them. So all are monitored by their needs and no one wants to play second fiddle to anyone.
So economic ties will be there , but not EU like cooperation and mutual consensus.
這是我對另一個類似問題的回答——如果印度、中國和俄羅斯走到一起會發生什麼?
中印俄論壇已經定期舉行。因為這三個國家都是大國，強大且自給自足，所以他們在大多數問題上幾乎沒有達成一致。他們也都是金磚四國之一，但印度和中國這兩個大國之間也出現了爭鬥。
目前，中國和印度在很多方面都在進行一場大比拼，比如在各自的地區和非洲大陸建立主導地位。
俄羅斯天然氣和石油儲量豐富，但資金短缺，而印度和中國則渴求資源，資金雄厚。因此，他們都被自己的需求所支配，都不願在對方面前屈尊俯就。
因此，他們的經濟聯繫將會持續，但卻沒有歐盟那樣的合作和共識。
Shamim Huq, Piping and Pipe Support Engineering
They all consider USA as an adversary. USA supported Pakistan in the Bangladesh war of 1971. Russia had vetoed four time in 24 hours as Indian Forces closed in on Capital city of Dhaka. It was joyous day for us who had survived the Bangladesh Genocide. India on the other hand is hobbled by Caste genetics that leads to inbreeding within Caste. Unless this mold is broken where all the different castes mix mingle and intermarry - India will continue to stumble.
他們都認為美國是自己的對手。1971年孟加拉國戰爭中，美國支持巴基斯坦。由於印度軍隊逼近首都達卡，俄羅斯在24小時內否決了四次。對我們這些在孟加拉種-族滅-絕中倖存下來的人來說，這是快樂的一天。另一方面，印度受到種姓制度的阻礙，導致種姓內近親繁殖。除非這種模式被打破，讓不同種姓的人可以通婚，否則印度將繼續步履蹣跚。
Adrian Lau, studied Civil Engineering
Have fought against Japanese (albeit in different area) in WW2, China (in name of CCP and ROC), India (in name of British Empire), and Russia (in name of Soviet Union). Russia and China in East Asia (although Russians coming in at Aug 1945), while China and India (in name of British India) in Burma area.
Users of Soviet system weapons, from rifles to fighters, from tanks to artilleries, China and Russia entirely using Soviet systems, except some “customized” systems, while majority of Indian arsenal are Soviet systems (>50%).
第二次世界大戰中，中國、印度(以大英帝國的名義)和俄羅斯(以蘇聯的名義)與日本作戰(儘管是在不同的地區)。俄羅斯和中國在東亞(俄羅斯人在1945年8月參加)，而中國和印度(以英屬印度的名義)在緬甸地區作戰。
都使用蘇聯武器，從步槍到戰鬥機，從坦克到大炮，中國和俄羅斯完全使用蘇聯武器系統，除了一些“定製”系統外。而大多數印度武器庫都是蘇聯系統(50%以上)。
Vim Mak
They cannot be dictated by the West what they have to do: they are INDEPENDENT nations. Each of them has his own skeletons in closet but they will not allow outsiders to tell them how to deal with it: they are grown ups and figure it out on their own. Especially that those who insist on giving “advise” have not a closet but the whole basement full of bodies, some still warm…
Two of the three are (along with civilizations west to them) set up a ground of mankind knowledge and civilization, including the West. The third one, in comparison is a teenager but thirsty to learn and sacrifice, saved the civilization from Dark Knight of Western Nazism at unspeakable sacrifice.
他們都不被西方所左右：他們都是獨立的國家。他們都有自己不可告人的秘密，但他們不允許外人告訴他們該如何處理：他們有能力自己想辦法解決。
其中兩個國家建立了人類（包括西方）知識和文明的基礎。相比之下，第三個國家是一個渴望學習和敢於犧牲的青少年，以難以言喻的犧牲從西方納粹的黑暗騎士手中拯救了文明。
Sudershanrao Kanukurthy, works at Andhra Bank
All the three countries are have huge geographical area.
Russian Population 2018- 143,964,709
1,415,045,928 Population of China (2018 and historical)
1,342,512,706 India Population (1950 - 2018)
The population of Russia is less as large areas not populated.
All three countries conduct elections at various levels.
All three countries have large coast lines.
這三個國家的地理面積都很大。
俄羅斯人口：2018年- 143,964,709
中國人口：2018年-1415,045,928
印度人口：2018年-1,342,512,706
俄羅斯的人口較少，大部分地區人口都不多。
這三個國家都舉行各級選舉。
這三個國家都有漫長的海岸線。
Puneet Mishra, Author
None of them is developed country yet. All these 3 countries have enough potential to grow.
India has largest young population for next 30 years.
China has largest manufacturing sector.
Russia has largest natural resources.
他們都不是發達國家，都有足夠的增長潛力。
未來30年，印度的年輕人口數量最多。
中國擁有最龐大的製造業。
Jana Kaimal, MD from Doctor of Medicine (1999)
Not much they are culturally, economically ,and religiously very different. India could use some natural resources from Russia. China and India are natural rivals. So they have only old religious ties of Buddhism. I don’t think that will do much under communist Government.
他們在文化、經濟和宗教上並沒有多大的不同。印度可以使用俄羅斯的一些自然資源。中國和印度是天然的競爭對手。所以他們只有佛教這一古老的宗教聯繫。
Devala Peracini, Passion by International Politics
Big territories.
Big military development and expenditures.
Their own world objectives and strategies.
Very good at STEM fields.
Independence from USA politics.
Shared borders.
Top 10 world GDP.
You may defeat them, but you can’t conquer them.
領土廣闊
軍事迅猛發展和開支龐大
世界目標和戰略
非常擅長科學、技術、工程和數學這幾個領域
獨立於美國政治。
共享邊界
GDP排名世界前十
你或許可以打敗他們，但你無法征服他們。
Deepak Kumar, works at Self-Employment
they have in fact nothing in common, it is a sort of short term marraige of convenience.
both india & china need russia for their latest technoloy in defence manufacturing.
but i feel if these BRICS could really form a serious alliance with one currency for world trade , the monopoly of Us could be broken of dollar payments.
this dollar payments are hurting all the nation’s economy and growth.
他們實際上沒有任何共同之處，只有短期的合作。
印度和中國都需要俄羅斯提供最新的國防技術。
但我認為，如果金磚四國真能在世界貿易中結成使用一種貨幣的聯盟，就能打破美元支付的壟斷地位。美元支付損害了這些國家的經濟和增長。
Alexander Semigrodskikh, lives in Yekaterinburg, Russia
They are on the same continent (Eurasia). They belong to some common organsations: the UNO, the SCO, the BRICS.
他們在同一個大陸(歐亞大陸)，屬於一些共同的組織：聯合國、上海合作組織、金磚國家。
Bob MacKenzie, former Business Owner and Manager. at Private (1973-2017)
I would say they have all the every day things all countries have in common. A need to see our families secure, happy, healthy and well educated.
Over and above that they want freedom from US domination and oppression to live a life in a fashion they want without US imposed or threats to impose sanctions, trade tariffs or military invasion if they do not conform to US demands and intimidation.
我想說的是，他們擁有所有國家的共同點，都需要保證家庭安全、幸福、健康和良好教育。
除此之外，他們希望擺脫美國的主宰，過上他們想要的生活。
James Graham, Network Systems Engineer at Decline To State
Geography aside, they have almost nothing in common. Russia is culturally similar to Europe while India and China are culturally unique.
撇開地理因素不談，他們幾乎沒有什麼共同之處。俄羅斯在文化上與歐洲相似，而印度和中國在文化上是獨一無二的。
Suresh Mittal, knows Old English
Each of these country is large, big military power, rising very fast with very high rate of Economic growth
他們都是大國，軍事力量強大，經濟增長速度非常快。
Duvvuri Venkataramakrishna, Ex Civil Engineer With BSNL,, Consultant & Valuer
They are anti capitalism. India has common borders with China and China has borders with Russia. India and China are for sure Asian countries and a major portion of Russia also lies in Asia. Buddhism is common to China and India but only marginally in Russia. Beyond this I don’t find anything common among these major countries and together they contribute nearly 50% of world’s population
他們是反資本主義的。印度和中國有共同的邊界，中國和俄羅斯也有共同的邊界。印度和中國是亞洲國家，俄羅斯的大部分地區也位於亞洲。佛教在中國和印度流行，但在俄羅斯很少見。除此之外，我在這三個國家中沒有發現任何共同之處，它們的人口加起來佔世界人口的近50%。
Kuklin Alexander, B.A International Economics & Foreign Trade, Corvinus University of Budapest (1987)
They are all very huge and powerful countries, both economically and military, even if to different extent. All of them have strong centralized power. China and Russia are major global players already, India is likely to join this club somewhat later.
他們都是非常龐大和強大的國家，無論是經濟上還是軍事上，即使程度不同。中國和俄羅斯已經是主要的全球參與者，印度可能會晚些時候加入這個俱樂部。
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