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一.名詞:名詞單複數,名詞的格


  (一)名詞單複數

  1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

  5.不規則名詞複數:

  man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

  child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  不可數名詞的複數就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea



  (二)名詞的格

  (1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:

  a) 單數後加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

  b) 以s 結尾的複數名詞後加 ’如: his friends’ bags

  c) 不以s 結尾的複數後加 ’s children’s shoes

  l並列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最後一個名詞後,表示共有, 如:

  Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車

  l要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在並列名詞後加’s

  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車

  (2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關係:如:

  a picture of the classroom a map of China


二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:


  (1)不定冠詞:a / an

  元音開頭的可數名詞前用an :

  an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /



  (2)定冠詞:the

  定冠詞的用法:

  (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.

  (2)複述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

  (3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

  (4)在序數詞前:John’s birthday is February the second.

  (5)用於固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening


  不用冠詞的情況:

  (1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.

  (2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

  This is my baseball.

  (3)複數名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

  (4)在節日,日期,月份,季節前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

  (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

  (6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

  * 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.

  (7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.

  (8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.

  (9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus



三、代詞、形容詞、副詞


  代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞

  人稱代詞物主代詞

  主格賓格

  第一

  人稱單數I(我)memy(我的)

  複數we(我們)usour(我們的)

  第二

  人稱單數you(你)youyour(你的)

  複數you(你們)youyour(你們的)

  第三

  人稱單數he(他)himhis(他的)

  she(她)herher(她的)

  it(它)itits(它的)

  複數they(他們/她們/它們)themtheir(他們的/她們的/它們的)


  形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級


  (一)、形容詞的比較級

  1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級後面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than後的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。

  2.形容詞加er的規則:

  ⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ;

  ⑵ 以字母e 結尾,加r ;

  ⑶ 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;

  ⑷ 以“輔音字母+y”結尾,先把y變i,再加er 。

  3.不規則形容詞比較級:

  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful


  (二)副詞的比較級

  1.形容詞與副詞的區別(有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)

  ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處於名詞之前或be動詞之後

  ⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處於實義動詞之後

  2.副詞比較級的變化規則基本與形容詞比較級相同(不規則變化:well-better, far-farther)


四、數詞:基數詞、序數詞


基數詞

  (1)1-20

  one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty


  (2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。

  23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one


  (3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數或末位數;

  586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three


  (4)l,000以上,先從右往左數,每三位數加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion

  1,001→one thousand and one

  18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

  6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

  750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

  序數詞

  (1)一般在基數詞後加th

  eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

  (2)不規則變化

  one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

  (3)以y結尾的十位整數,變y為ie再加th

  twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

  (4)從二十一後的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數詞變為序數詞。

  twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth

超乾貨!小學英語語法知識彙總!

超乾貨!小學英語語法知識彙總!

五、動詞:動詞的三種時態:


  (1)一般現在時:

  一般現在時的構成

  1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。

  2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學習英語。

  當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she, it)時,要在動詞後加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

  動詞+s的變化規則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies


  (2)一般過去時:

  動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規則有:

  A、規則動詞

  ① 一般直接在動詞的後面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  ③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬於此類)

  ④ 雙寫最後一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

  B、不規則動詞(此類詞並無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

  see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

  are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt


  (3)一般將來時:

  基本結構:

  ①be going to + do;

  ②will+ do. be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

  (4)現在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現在分詞

  動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:

  ① 一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

  ③ 雙寫最後一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting


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